This diagram below shows two apertures through w 05j-rsf:xoizhich planar waves are passed as they are moving to the left. Therof x:50i-szj wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  When a light ray enters a denser medium and reframh 6lr hx5k445hx3yzects, some of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the followingekl564x 4 hxzryhm5h 3 options is correct about this change?

  Identical waves thatbv /8 wscxsh5/ begin propagation at the same time leave from two different sources and arrive at the same point wvxhs sb/c8 /5point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  Which row correctly describes the conditions for constk +vj:k ykcxw she 2sn 7,xnf(b.s282eructive and destructive interference in a double-slit diffract+v7y2:cb xxn8jhssk.k2ke 2s n(w f,eion pattern?

  Which phrase correctly coeo8l7ollj);yaavih0u 6f j., mpletes the following sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  The effect of a double slit on monochromatic lightkk3ct61 zuc n5 is observed by the set up in the kkc6t1c 3uz5n diagram below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  The double-slit equation describes the relationship berll 7fqx5 6ww/tween the separation distance of the fringes on thel7 lw/wq6xrf 5 screen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  The diagram shows a wave approaching an aperture. czq7 u 2o.cnok(vb4.l


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monochromati2h etdn,r3 va/c light of we r,av t3/dn2havelength $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the surface of a tank6 ;jws,2 nfx, /gonkax filled with water. The effe k2n /gsanox,xf,j ;w6cts on the laser beam due to the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  Which of the following images shown ac+ ly.bbpztoy 7gu)+/ al.*ybelow best represents the path of visible light traveling through a glass prib/.bguy)o a+ z+ p7*l t.ylycasm?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from air(jik8 vph 2yqi,j ctm0 b592ah into water?v22 kijyhm h(9jq,cbp 0ta58i

  Which property of a wave does not change as a result of refractih1ue 4mc.zdzk:)6ze won?

  In a Young's double-slit experiment, the spacing of the d. c4sato0yxp,ouble slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  Which of the following options will alter the frepgmm,u::la+4b1 kidgquency of a wave?

  When moving from mat +men.m0a by-yerial $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  A student is investigating the interference of waves. Theye5k+ lk6bmcs 1d6hc1qx ( wtq-,7ou tnm0.quu set up coherent waves produced at snkd6tqwqq kx t1 5ehb-u 7lu co1m6u+0(c, m.points $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the reflectedb9/ xshl*- kion, refraction and transmission of light at the boundar/-bhklsxe* 9 dy between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as shown, including a monochromas:9.fkovsp4b tic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. What is the purp9:4v p.ssfkboose of the single slit in this experiment?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave isub 4s6)hzc teo /iux5, emitted from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  Two waves from individual point sourc:2) bbpkri w;r v5nj,kd+h(hmes meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement used to investigate double slit interfeb2c2o -rrb1ac tc6; vdrence using microwaves. o;vb cr 1-a 22c6crdtb



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  A ray of light is incident on a material made/; su sf2gp/x+bs uk6k from three layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each layer the fgp+; /busssu2 x/6kklight travels at a different speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridge0 10mb7 mzof gz q.u-o2cqmbs/s on the end of the finger. These ridges can 2qz/oub mgqm 0s07c-bfo.z 1mbe 'read' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  When does diffraction occzrjz.ai9g e6 * 2xy0mbur?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of t zke)g:18wapm -pay mk+zor)5heir sparkle. This is caused by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls og:ep) ao5r-kwp8ay +z)1kmmznto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?