Which row correctly describes the conditions.vs-jpw - 4bqo for constructive and destructive interference in a double-slit diffraction patterbow-p4s. v- jqn?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridgc-2ghfp zj94t,;cv k4 ndd shm7 2cz+bes on the end of the finger. These ridgcp,4fg h92kznj+z7vdc st h4- bdc;m 2es can be 'read' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  The double-slit equation describes the relati*n*eo5j(:/ t ci x).m4ku(tgsq aofubonship between the separation distance of the fringes on the screen, s, the distance between the xjq4)e :g o5imf* oa. buu(snctk(t*/screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  When a light ray enters a denser mediw: (w ( 3vtsqiutu-vvk 2ys19lum and refracts, some of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the fo9v1ktu32vtwu- sy :( lswi(q vllowing options is correct about this change?

  When moving from material 4l4wt ks9yv/2y av zkwbl7t* /$A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  Identical waves that begin propagation at the same timeh ( rb7sg(ib2 ,nmevg. leave from two different sourchgr mbg(sve n ,b.i(72es and arrive at the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  When does diffraction7u8cu0*otft-lwe5h ya sv7 l iyfi ;,1 occur?

  A double slit interfeb*nnb hdto 9n*2iwal )1lg/1yrence experiment is conducted using monochromatic light of wavelelhl1 * )b /gdobn*y 2nt91aniwngth $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  In a Young's double-slit experimeq)uqs 9+ha;ymnt, the spacing of the double slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  Which of the following oacgk nrqv l/ md5xkg8h71g:3(vw (r3b ptions will alter the frequency of a wave?

  The effect of a double slit on monoh i j8p*b/1baqchromatic light is observed by the set up in the diagram below.hj/1*a bpq 8ib



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  A monochromatic laser beam is shone ing-: 1e- yedct wmayf.;to the surface of a tank filled with water. The effects on the laser beam due to the wateaw-f ymge :. ye-c1dt;r are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement used to invervj9i;it lxi+ f.u1 t)fj.hwiv0hz 7: ):iya ustigate double slit interference using )tfi1vjwxua .:i uyrjl;vt):zi0i + . hi9 fh7microwaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  The diagram shows a wave approaching e.fa)+diod:je s ebi 7)zw:-w an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of theiro0efgvbfe 78w9-9co z2 w.:g f 3jlpgu sparkle. This is caused by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, pastw7ef be9p: w 2vjg3l9ogzfgu0f8c-o .e gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  Ray diagrams can be used topofu8do 5o(zr )au; f jah(w+( show the reflection, refraction and transmission of light at the boundary bet (o8fz+da5)a;rhp(u o( fjouw ween media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  A student is investigating the interference of waves. Theyrn blz n-x(70x set up coherent waves produced at nn(b 0lx7-zr xpoints $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  Two waves from individual os5x8hj0t.3 dpqg:fz point sources meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  The diagram shows two wavmq9p 1z;kiln: es. One wave is emitted from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as shown, including a monoc4aqnuu5:za7l 8e8h8 z 3vmfqmhromatic source, a single slit, ne7za45zq fa v8 8uq8 luhm3m:a double slit and a screen. What is the purpose of the single slit in this experiment?

  A ray of light is incident on a material made from three layers(y sximh3q 1abr34vh6 , each having a different optical density, so that in each la(rix3 qh1msh4vaby36 yer the light travels at a different speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  Which property of a w+fcqr)bd kjfm3m2 e +6ave does not change as a result of refraction?

  Which phrase correctly completes l2793/r n 2v0svga roawh8 gxethe following sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  This diagram below shows two apertures through which plan 1ya4m+n *d gdme)9nvpar waves are passed as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts s9m*n+e nv d)y 1pag4dmhow crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram fkuo3b-e2a4ggyt* pl:or light passing from air into water?3gpy2el ba*:k4tg - ou

  Which of the following images shown below best represents the path of visibleu:vrx v .)/*ribpypfh2k;n h5 light traveling through a glass prisr;vb/ pxykv*puf i r.5n )2hh:m?