Identical waves that begin propagation abura iu643-/ydkjk +ot the same time leave from two different sources and arrive at the same poiykarkbuo/ 4u- +ijd36nt point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  A student is investigato;g pqz:n9ad3ing the interference of waves. They set up coherent waves produced agao d9npq3:z; t points $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  Which row correctly describes the ifu 5*pz k fz6 nfbp76e,9wkv(conditions for constructive and destructive interference in a doubl5ikp, *vz79( bfz fn6e6fupwke-slit diffraction pattern?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through which planar waves are5ydt2gl +bad1 c5ip9(jks.x g passed as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crestx(ac+ j 5gydkpltbi2d159s g. s moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  When moving from mat,j+lit+oif o 2 xj65kferial $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their sparkle. This is caused by total 8 9 xxc5wvg:s*ueuo6winternal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. Howeverx :9eo56w x8u cg*vwus, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  Two waves from individual point sources meet at ahw 0(3dqn5aw n point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted07j;fp - wqgte using monochromatic light of wavwft-ejq 0;g7p elength $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the end of the finger. 5d l4umee j1cmyig14pg7w.9 n ;w4qfq These ridges can be 'rqqgp 1 l 5 m;ug47d4efim9jyw 4n.e1wcead' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  Which phrase correctly completes the fol)xq-x0llpq.5n tv*(9 m p1 /efojdhnmhuj;b7lowing sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is emitted from source gfg7(5yh/goyo1es-f cly 1 t)$s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  Which of the following options wimvky5qkg z8 q4(6k rc-tjxh83 ll alter the frequency of a wave?

  The effect of a double slit on monochromatic light is observed by the set upim 5cr08 s:ske7li)1updx2 j n in the diagram bele l0)pxir1 5c:2mdisjuks87 now.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the surface of a q loxl8j(q;. pr+5 +u:vyv/ d6iaxxpr4zzm h2tank filled with water. The effects on the laser beam 2m/rjdzpq o.yx h x5al6v xuv;:+p +z l4qi8(rdue to the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  Which of the following images shown belo ,;a98m,8gcfsk 0bf h1bjognpw best represents the path of visible light traveling through a glass prinkm p;g,bfhos j 9agc10f8b,8sm?

  In a Young's double-slit experim9lqedc(3u a pp,pl7*cent, the spacing of the double slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  Which property of a wave does not change as a result of refj,ma;jx0bmg v)f, 5 byraction?

  A ray of light is incident on a matq qv / 4asnplega w.*2z80l7u0o bfx7oerial made from three layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each layer the light travels at a different speedboeaqq z*uw/pn.l74 xgv o 8f0s7al02.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  The diagram below shows(picbzv rbfx7b-fjt 6 /;gj *.gvi8 ,t an arrangement used to investigate double slit interference usinzbc btb7f8 i,v*gftg; -jp(i r/.vj x6g microwaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  The double-slit equation describes the relationship between the separation distad uoo2 ,ak1iir4 4+fppnce of the fringes on the screen, s,ifooi r2 up p41+akd,4 the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  The diagram shows a wave approzn8de sf73n2 paching an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the ftl 9j12b e:;pa0tloty3x t0f reflection, refraction and transmission of light at thf 9b 2tft1 0loj 3xel:0;attpye boundary between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  When does diffraction occur?8bm zq, dggg; zs6t6cnek (sz9:q1e s0

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram f o9k4w6,e9 7fphn ztajor light passing from air into water? 4wa99,th n pf6jko7 ez

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as shown, including a monoc1hpv *k did5 )x9 czgn*.m/fpacxlg7l3 r( 3rchromatic source, a singlflg( l xk.dcrvr)53 3i /h9 npxcpc *1dm7ga*ze slit, a double slit and a screen. What is the purpose of the single slit in this experiment?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  When a light ray enters a denser medium and refracts, s ncuwx19frs io c3r88/ome of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the following options is correct abouoc9 3s8rxcriw 81/ fnut this change?