Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from air into water dy;btrapbf 6-f)2of0? t6ry fa bfd2-pob;0f)

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monochromatwxw b*79pp0b hic light of wap* x97w0 bwphbvelength $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  Which property of a wave dobw.hjaq5u,w fhw, 2y 3vx*mf0 es not change as a result of refraction?

  Which of the following images sho ne1f x +(m7sh(ui1y ff5d(ievwn below best represents the path of visible light traveling through a glass prixy( 7u+ii 1(efvsemnfd1 h (f5sm?

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as shown, including a monoxs0k(kcc* h-bb sq2n ;chromatic source, a single sxc(k0-s hb b 2kscq*;nlit, a double slit and a screen. What is the purpose of the single slit in this experiment?

  The double-slit equatioi/g sroqrg )hj:-n;8f5 o .gken describes the relationship between the separation dista)or;kh e:/g8ggnqif-.5rs jonce of the fringes on the screen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  When does diffractio+jos8 1lissbdh.yq4fg eola l1;6( h( n occur?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  Identical waves that bepb).0h*+zny dhz j53irq 9ri hgin propagation at the same time leave from two different sources and arrive at the same poinnq50i) *rid +rh 9p.3yzh hzbjt point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  Two waves from individu89 yd6)xyyn znat*1hjy+wk v pp9m/:kal point sources meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  Which phrase correctly completes the followingn;otp, giw mbywxm. ) 0gs:8a1qx l)+; kldgx; sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  A monochromatic laser beam is shonjd 1us)y e+ fcdzj9(pvdo88 )ze into the surface of a tank filled with water. The effe 9j+(jco dd8y dvs )zpefu81z)cts on the laser beam due to the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  A student is investigating t 8xzhuv8xm n9m .od4)ghe interference of waves. They set up coherent waves produce4)hgxo .m8nvzd 89xmud at points $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  Which of the following options will alter the frequens* iy4 fhj*bc:cy of a wave?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the reflection, refraction and transmission of 5 e5:t6xnxg zhdlu. m1light at t:t5 z n.6lex5hdg1mu xhe boundary between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement used to investigate do, mpop6dbs /4i1+kzq ruble slit interference using microwaves. +pqd 41zo /kimrsp6b ,



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  The diagram shows two waves. One w+2fop5q e--5 nsl hsnwave is emitted from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  In a Young's double-slit expebuoccrc*(6k /riment, the spacing of the double slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  The diagram shows a wave approachi9u02suzog oza8zl x)s w c;1a,ng an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  When a light ray enters a denser medium and relbrmxns5+10q5l :m)o a vs.n,r kaf 7tfracts, some of the characteristics of the wave will change.5ak.+)m q,fl x:ssar057n 1l tbnromv Which of the following options is correct about this change?

  The effect of a double se)gbch9+nhv0) 9p wnzlit on monochromatic light is observed by the set up in the diag p zc)hveb)h990 wg+nnram below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on ty5abxlf sv( zhxkz/39p/j++k he end of the finger. These ridges can bebl9+ks(x3 f+z5zhj /y a/x kvp 'read' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  When moving from mate i/er2 4uy e (klsugttaf+7: 2v.ggz-grial $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  Which row correctly describes the conditions for constr0t(s avyf9sj5 hfv/id(oud 5,uctive and destructive interference in a90,say iodfhdj5( s/ v(5ft uv double-slit diffraction pattern?

  This diagram below shciz )1yxs.h5wov(ue5x .peg- ows two apertures through which planar waves are passed as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information,5.-1g)ei5szxhx ew cy up(o.v at which point will the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  A ray of light is incident on a material made from thxt d6 yhs 0).8rij;ingree layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each lastx ryg;08iih)d.nj6 yer the light travels at a different speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of thvilw(:;i fujp:c; ay0 ;g7i qceir sparkle. This is caused by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. How:f(gi7ci vuy:w jiqa;pc ;; l0ever, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?