A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the hrb98c;uy xcp .pv:fuh90t*esurface of a tank filled with water. The effects on the laser beam due to t90:pvh8t*;ph u xeyfc 9crub.he water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monochromatic light29g d,zhuplzr njuhzf/t.5 ,: of wjz z,n2f/rg.tl5zu d:p9h uh,avelength $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  Which of the following images shown belowj-pa5y s0pj t g44fv 4ug,v2se best represents the path of visible light travep, jjt4v24fs5s40 vp-u eg ygaling through a glass prism?

  Which property of a wave does not change as ad i 2svi572qbjxg 2hz, result of refraction?

  Which row correctly describes the conditio g9.;np6scs x0qzo. cdns for constructive and destructive interference in a double-slit diffraction pattx0;6p . .ssdqn9gc zocern?

  Which phrase correctly completes the following sent*z-t3g w-yx *udvcz;chs7 hm*ence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  The diagram below shows an arrangement used to ;wcqh 22y tzd;investigate double slit interference usin; w hydtz2;cq2g microwaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  A ray of light is incident on a material made from three l4 2pdybor c,sxq69x7 8e aotgjv. b7,eayers, each having a different optical density, so that in each layer the light travels at a difq6py oc4ejb.xd,g2v8e79 a7rtsxb, oferent speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through which planaru2 7nvw q aw:fi5af,6u (lyp,n waves are passed as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point wil7,n(a 6qu5ni: wvfp lya ,uf2wl the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  The double-slit equation describes the relationship between the separation dim (4upe6nl/j 8ir.y w*nori ztvl00a1stance of the fringes on the screen, s, the distance between the izm*08nrp( u6 l.ejr a/01w4lot iy vnscreen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  The diagram shows a wave approachingwdi.p50 mkfhi8)*tk p an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as shown, including a monoc,:r-eo 2r7xv stuw(oee 40wrehromatic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. What:ow2exu 7owr0trvs- e4e,e(r is the purpose of the single slit in this experiment?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the end of the fingeg/bqy j st7:tb.2,:pie ymby 6r. These ridges can be 'read'gqt:,bjy: /e6y bt.y7b2sipm by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is emitted from yy;zz wm 8qvgavu;7-( source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  The effect of a double slit on monochromatic light is o2f ny. pofn;s2bserved by the set up in the diago f p.2sny;nf2ram below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their sparkle. This is vzqqiz8 405ww caused by total internal reflection, wi4q850wzzv wqhich reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  When does diffraction og+x h ljyigo/4gb84 /o 13sdaixh.3 ;od9appdccur?

  A student is investigating the interferencemn r// itx-xz7s;p ()e,n7dqcw yq3h p of waves. They set up coherent waves produced at poi x7(p c/3r;hzxdp7qs )ne ,wq/tnyim-nts $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  In a Young's double-slit elz0,z6p k v9qr0mryz*xperiment, the spacing of the double slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing fxe ((glr 4ja usu)./efrom air into water? /f)lux .eg(ea 4jsru(

  Two waves from individual point sourcei0z9nq+g5q/vz gika+s meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  Identical waves that begin pro( owdpxy,usm4/6kmc -it/5x j pagation at the same time leave from two different sources and arrive at the same point poidmi 5u/-pc,x4wtm(xys/6ojk nt $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show t l xlb+x)*p 7vfige):ahe reflection, refraction and transmission of light at the i)vxg7 +pfbl* lx: ea)boundary between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  When moving from matt5gt vhl1fs5on lj/5sa;or40- qau s7erial $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  When a light ray enters a denser medium and refracts, some; 8jje1doozlx.gdm 3kt6 5 fo3 of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the following options is correct about this chj53 zd fkoe3 .;61l8 dmxtgoojange?

  Which of the following options will alter the frequency of7m6xi/-txxr r a wave?