When moving from matd8 xe 49uhfp8gerial $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  Which property of a atfg )bv:p 9h,wave does not change as a result of refraction?

  In a Young's double-s +*glt4cm.bp q1-kjtllit experiment, the spacing of the double slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  Which phrase correctly completes tmlnu26ie gc5q. k 61v: *sseykhe following sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  A ray of light is incident on fh;25b:avtdprumyn0- + q yr 2a material made from three layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each layer the light travels at a different spefnr+2y0u-;vhdqrab 5yt 2 m:ped.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  When a light ray enters a denser medium and refracts, s 0fw-vf2zdk5 5y/lyja gd2e n/j waz7 *5,csgcome of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the following options is correct about thd2/* 2d-ja vy 5cjgw0 y,5z gw/sk5nfea f7lzcis change?

  Which of the following images shown below best represents the patwpljqwm6glqy *ii ,)olqx,w:d )klp2;h /* +rh of visible light traveling through a ;*pw, h 2kilwxid q6j wy,lr)/plo)m+q *ql:gglass prism?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  Two waves from individual point sources +ezui79pztv3d :rd bw01x xw)f*mp9hmeet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as sh*h/r 1yp bnvwzk7u 2n3own, including a monochromatic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. What is the purpose of the single slit in this expen/23 hpz bnv7kry*u1w riment?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from air 6lurm:c 6n4hq into water? lqrn m6h: c6u4

  The effect of a double slit on monoch j 3peg:x4.ajsromatic light is observed by the set up in the diagram bj.xpaeg:4 sj 3elow.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  Identical waves that begin propagation at the same time leave from(*f:7b oizopr two different sources and arrio*o :(zpi7r fbve at the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is emitteo+t- q )geiy-k,puq0 od from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  Which of the followi+ itwxc(ykf cj1,hb-a(fl q;4sdl x77ng options will alter the frequency of a wave?

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monochromatic light of 1 , 9evvwdwoayc9w6*o+s -rrlwavels v9v c dr-o*6lwwar9e1 ,woy+ength $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  The diagram shows a ugmq(3 r.h wj 9h6h3wt4b kv9ywave approaching an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  Which row correctly describes the conditiono( dh4qavd;+ 4iein:l s for constructive and destructive interference in a doubl l ehidnq+:d4ia4(;o ve-slit diffraction pattern?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through which ;u(jo -*kcfun ugz4fzt0c+ojt, ;ht mg;+7eiplanar waves are passed as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amp zt +hi4tu+uue7 t;n; jf go(m,*zkgj-0c;cfolitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  A monochromatic laser beam is :m+ j*y /de dj7z1d:od-ywwabshone into the surface of a tank filled with water. The effects on the laser be:aj *7/+ddoywjzyeddw -1b:m am due to the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  A student is investigating the interference of waves. They set up coherent wiy8q3fjjee.n*4 4 xqej5f/tdaves produced at pointjej44e/ d 85fqintey*.x 3fqjs $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their sparkle. Thiwhw: iz +cmafg5 v5(-p43vnuls is caused by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the ligha4zflv hi +3 w gn5m(:5vup-cwt that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement used t+swz-wam5b sh(j r/ a8fyn r-:o investigate double slit interference using micrr:85w+ (/-jzhf -banm wssyar owaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  The double-slit equation describes the (cy7kgzzk- z-x: pi+a relationship between the separation distance of the fring- ak gp7z:zzyc (kxi+-es on the screen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the end of ipks k/t1l b9xl;bx3 9;pivb/the finger. These rt l9 s xipb/;bilx3;p 9kb1k/vidges can be 'read' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  When does diffraction asnq02de j*lzzl12k: occur?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the re4y de//o jh :p9clnhd)flection, refraction and transmission of li9ed h)nlc:odh4j p/y/ ght at the boundary between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?