Identical waves that begin propagation at the same time leavljzr6g 7s4d8cza6c8 te from two different sources and arrst4al 67czcrjd8g 86 zive at the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  A student is investigating the interferencp62); lrpzvhxxvwr-7c5v8nq3 2 ehd de of waves. They set up coherent waves produced at poiphd)cdpr5v8xvlex2 zwq37-nv 2 6hr ;nts $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  Which phrase correctly completes the followiyxgqb 4* 7bd*png sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  Diamonds are highly valued f6+ abwnt6**uafz gz5because of their sparkle. This is caused by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery af5z **t uaw+ gbnzf66because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from air into waterxx os)s h1hj;7s6hwiuhm0; i9? )0umsx1 ih;7 h6ih9j x hsos;w

  The effect of a double slit on monochromatic light is observed logwmes 6 42,9y o+n3bh)whkdby the set up in the nd o4w) 2hsh3wlb+ 9m,6ke ogydiagram below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  The double-slit equatio4lfera n3f 5;*r )oldyn describes the relationship between the separation distance of the fln4 5*f)yoea 3rrdl;fringes on the screen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  Young's double-slit experiment ikg-jy xz 0 6v,rx,,kbfs setup as shown, including a monochromatic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. What is the purpose of the single slit in this experim,jr 6v0,fxkg x,b-zykent?

  In a Young's double-slit experiment, the spacing of the doublp4o3wjrheo q*h; 5u.x e slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  When does diffraction occur?15dvc9c* *t ,xklm+koc8 u4fc ifbk.h

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  When moving from material i4laz jz klwla8c 2luz+z;h7b : 75j0j$A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monochromatic li j olydm+utw)8(;v804qazhrwght of wave lj0(adww8ryh4qz8);o+uv m tlength $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  Two waves from individual (0-igdx0x) 0d.uko,vb xsc hwpoint sources meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  Which of the following options will alter the frequency of a wavq(2bu(24tknbj xw ,t oe?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show+9 r eyhau sw00ukfu,3 jxho9 6spj*w2 the reflection, refraction and transmission of light ao0 6kuuh2 wp+,wjarex*shufys3 99 j 0t the boundary between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  Which of the following images shown bel:okrh9 f2bo:zow best represents the path of visible light traveling through a glass pri:hr fo zo9k2b:sm?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the end 7:hbb6.b p o raot;f*ga97q7ah kl-swof the finger. These ridges can be 'read' by electronic-ort*:s9a kpbq6b7 fola hwb.g7h7 ; a devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  Which row correctly describesuc, gvd.,ju((e;ur xqwk t n34 the conditions for constructive and destructive interferencr 4jckg(,vd;x. unu et q,3u(we in a double-slit diffraction pattern?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is emitted from source h/)hmgh0sp6 xc7b k/t$s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the surface of a( :b dcqu 7tjzp6s(rt.j 7fk3h tank filled with water. The effects on tt tc7s.fjuq:7dpbr ( 6j3k (zhhe laser beam due to the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement)9cn+stx2ap ;m.n y xc used to investigate double slit interference u9sn 2+t c)pm;x .xncaysing microwaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  Which property of a wave does not change as a result of ref ;t) x6k h sk3:,pqbt;k8fgsceraction?

  A ray of light is incident on a material made from three layers, each having a d,rx ; 8i0*yxkibb*rtjhi .1 mwifferent optical density, so that in each layer the light t xrwimx*h8 bi.*kt 0;yjr,i1bravels at a different speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  When a light ray enters a denser medium and refracts, u-zsuw;jpd (:some of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the following options is j- wups( z;u:dcorrect about this change?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through whi (ky2+ htkwcb 1bklr(:ch planar waves are passed as they are moving to the left. The wav(2hy k1(kwrt:kb l+cb efronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  The diagram shows a w s6an9 7c/k2;cu9 bla0zolmh,1ca uqtave approaching an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?