A double slit interference experiment is uxt ov6 tzh;y2 4oqwsk :ld:3)conducted using monochromatic light of wavele6x;y )td :3oqv l 4owhktuz2:sngth $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from air into wate( u 5bawkq,.rqr? aq ku,bq(wr .5

  A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the surfadc5cqrni5su+zo)ud, x co)b8.c-1pz ce of a tank filled with water. The effects on the laser beam due to the water are observed..iqz c1p8b)- rd5)o nouc,cx +uz csd5

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  Which of the following images shown below best represents the(enn 9obg.eq( path of visible light traveling t 9o.n( bn(qegehrough a glass prism?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement u dzep 0iy:+ 18952a-t 7 bijecfchfynfsed to investigate double slit interference using mic7pc9 j8ye5 ay1-f i2h ib0nf+dftc:ezrowaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  When a light ray enters ary vb2 () grl-icfe3fp0 /vit- denser medium and refracts, some of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the following options is correct about this chanf - ibgt )yc32vr(-r0fvlpi/e ge?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the reflection, refraction and transmnm90)nx) goh oission of light at the boundary between me xnn o9)0gh)modia.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through whiccdne x-1z;oi1blj p4av) k(/wh planar waves are passed as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point wia 1neozij(bl4;v d/ ckw1x p-)ll the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is emitted fre( -qga9z;5ikxtym;,2lax no a+ b7ouqk t/y*om source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  In a Young's double-slit experiment, the spacing of the double slitfs r n :-o) a2stf1 +tu(ypny6pydm2t1s is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  Which row correctly describes the conditions for co8gln6/hxa rw( nstructive and destructive interaw6 lh /rng8(xference in a double-slit diffraction pattern?

  Which of the following dkja ol2 5: nb (q*f,7xty(ui( h;mjfhoptions will alter the frequency of a wave?

  The effect of a double slit on monochromatic light is observed by the setbqk *s lv:h)+ fjta*;crxb3,f up in the diagq c:xa)rbft3 j**+bvl,;sf kh ram below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  Identical waves that begin propagation at the same time leave from two diffe vk cun 54w+*xurs3+uqmx7*lprent s nmvwku +*c5 pl3*+4u xxq7usrources and arrive at the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  Which property of a wave does n+c+ad rjow30q* ,dphijcw+w54 -w twoot change as a result of refraction?

  The diagram shows a wave -(i l r q0t,qw7bmfwf,approaching an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  The double-slit equation describes the relationshipm/ pzwe-a5 l3mmeg ;r/ between the separation distance of the fringes on the screen, s, the distance between the s;l/m-eer 3m wpza5gm/ creen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their sparkle. This - jhlbi) -1auxcv/7i 6by (lyxfy;u-wis caused by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less thbif-h ly 16 b-v yi(wa-xl)uy;7cu jx/an real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  When does diffraction olzd2p (w0(9vx p1*rgyek3b szccur?

  Young's double-slit experiment is s*x ix8v ek6a*,hbt z1qetup as shown, including a monochromatic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. What x 1*qxet,abvi8z*hk 6 is the purpose of the single slit in this experiment?

  Which phrase correctly completes the 34hkaol-tv dr3bn*.j0o u/jqfollowing sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  When moving from materiaftil i/1w b.w/.-a-(tzztreel $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  Two waves from individua j(cy3 oi8au9,,x1 d:6 s nveamkaufm3l point sources meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  A ray of light is incident on a material made from tmteo:l*tq :a bc2v;5pq /1bpthree layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each layer the light travels at a different speed./12ptq a:ople tvmbc5t *;:qb

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  Our fingerprints are made up o ceu nz+p 35z*jplk)avy94m e.f a series of ridges on the end of the finger. These ridges can bek.+nmu9)3 jz pva4z l *c5epye 'read' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  A student is investigating the interference oc, qx)z j.elc;f waves. They set up coherent waveseq.cxc l; )j,z produced at points $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?