The diagram shows a wave apprj7ywib5h p3e5 b.bvj7oaching an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  Identical waves that begin propagati, 6xz; 6warsxqon at the same time leave from two different sources and arrive at the same point poasz6w;6r x q,xint $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  When a light ray enters abw.b 78ojy q/q denser medium and refracts, some of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the following options is correct abo .b qyowqjb/78ut this change?

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as shown, including a monochrom+-l0 tke5khr 9i:ol4 twxtr*watic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. What is the purpose of the single slit in this experime4ht+ t09kk:rr x -5tiolwe* lwnt?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the end of theqg.fd vdi y.5e7ix /5d finger. These ridges can be ' idf5 .5d.iy d7ev/xgqread' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  Which property of a wave does ny+*gl;tm qc)l ot change as a result of refraction?

  In a Young's double-slit experiment, the spacing of the double slits is al./*tz nfhc2 9, v 3yc fk)ud vyah3d366ykjr$d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement used to investigate doubf)c5yp.enj2z *mcit ah6qw 2 *le slit interfere*nah)56eipqc2 jtm.2* wyczfnce using microwaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  This diagram below sho(ju1sg5f uzlwx.)bjae ufb u 98:5no.ws two apertures through which planar waves are passed as they are moving tol5:xegufjbsj51ub )o f z8..9(nuuaw the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the surface omnb2 nq41:kk of a tank filled with water. The efnn qo1bmk4k: 2fects on the laser beam due to the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  When does diffraction9gc43 -(h5cgz emel di occur?

  The double-slit equat/8wi*f 4hme ryjk;0-mc wswe: ion describes the relationship between the separation distance of the fringee8mw me ;4f:cwikw* sr 0-h/yjs on the screen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  Which phrase correctly completes the follow/si4lzkgd 3gjgi.4nwa55g . j ing sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their sparkle. ;v)vln g9k w) dbk7m2mThis is caused by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we se;w)vmm lkd792gvbn) ke. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  The effect of a double slit on monea4lqn nh3bl h6vs*z:(w)ia. ochromatic light is observed by the set up in the l:hs3ba z4i whnl.(avq)n6* ediagram below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  Two waves from individual point sources meet at a pok*:w(l 1tli07dhgqof int $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  Which row correctly describes the conditions for constructive an1)fmt 31heje2ofigb) dvcp;+ d destructive interference in a double-slit diffractionbfc )e12hi1)mv to; j+pe3df g pattern?

  A double slit interference expe5l-5h;u 4llw3wp z+5bbo3e ga/ibd cyriment is conducted using monochromatic light of wavelen-gpdw z3b4+uyoeha/ 5b5w 5;b l3lic lgth $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  Which of the following images shown below best representm xppui6 91r5(ljdy8 ak8 qdn:s the path of visible lightlrpjq:8(8xk56ypndimd9ua 1 traveling through a glass prism?

  A ray of light is incident on a material made from three layers, each having aku kjgf ,;vg dm5*,f0g different optical denjf u d,g 5kmk,gf*0g;vsity, so that in each layer the light travels at a different speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the reflection, refraction anib,mw :*+cnsulj g76 vd transmission of light at the boil:m,7n * csuvw+6jg bundary between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  When moving from materiab mxp5 u6/f/ok rmu(u/l $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave5l b73xz z vk99*cyfcy is emitted from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from a hdaf v2)q5j7kn,dx4 xir into water? q4dxax, 2jd75vnh)kf

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  Which of the following options will alte:-,maaq mvl2h r the frequency of a wave?

  A student is investigating the interference of waves. vza7 -s.a0u )mc:awcy They set up coherent waves produced aa.sz )-ua7:cv cywam0t points $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?