When does diffraction occd+c5ynjy2in 3mm +1n 3s7gqiiur?

  Which phrase correctly completes the foll1m( fplksg8dwm9uv 2 0/kqto5owing sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monochromatic li+muyv-51 l2 frx bjjrnngle:/: u6+ud ght of wave61:ej+:/v lj+u l2gxb 5u- udrnymfrnlength $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as shown, includinuu4- b03t*fpq1r7: :ds iamcmbusb+ q g a monochromatic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. What is the purpose of the single slit in this experiqi0+4 dcsq:b 1mus -*r7uf3 ap btbmu:ment?

  Two waves from individual point sources meet- a*xjjvtp dk/e7hz+ : at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  A student is investigati)upa(1 sd:mi9hda4kbi4lbr c 6,j;shng the interference of waves. They set up coherent waves produced at poinb46 rcd :jhkuli,d;49aipa1bm)s hs (ts $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  Which row correctly describes the conditions for constructive and destruc vd(fbd 6zz4(z*n9*a jnhcy. btive inz (n*hn* 6bfcz4v 9.jdy ab(zdterference in a double-slit diffraction pattern?

  The effect of a double slit1dd0;1uks i axgp 73),ppr eah on monochromatic light is observed by the set up in the diagram 03aadu,p r7)gk sph d1ixe;1pbelow.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  Which of the following 8p,w - m8omamcimages shown below best represents the path of visible light traveling throu,cmmp w8o-ma 8gh a glass prism?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the reflection, refraction api1zn1w py/x 5,:zcrand transmission of light at the boundary betw5wiza1 , :1cpnxpy/rzeen media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  Which property of a wave does not change as a result o1/vm lb d2t 4od1 h:1lhx urdd/;e*lgef refraction?

  The diagram below shows an arranh2n e )7rk4rg9qnfk l+gement used to investigate double slit interference using micrown+ frqgl)97hkrkne 42aves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from air into wate.h06z1c / nz*tqitpdz r? / c1 n0hpi.*zz6qtdzt

  When a light ray enters7p +*2j,v.zsu wcahqd a denser medium and refracts, some of the characteristics of the wave will change. jhd,cw2.+*a q v7 zpsuWhich of the following options is correct about this change?

  Identical waves that begin propagation at thekvqv06)-ax,/bo pk nf same time leave from two different sources a-k/nfq xvo,v)kpb60and arrive at the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is e+0le hc1k*h+xgk:vdr mitted from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the surface of a t pve-ebnqx+ -,ank filled with water. The effects on the laser beam due to the water ,qp-ene-v xb+ are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their sparkle. This is caused by c 1odq2+mxv( xhy0nq9total internal rqm(oxqn9x2hv1 d 0c+y eflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  When moving from materialtr l8 /-eknrl) $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  A ray of light is incident on a material made from three layers, each havhw1h3v)vaz , h+w)usxing a different optical density, so that in each layer the light travels at a differ+h, svw xvz1)3a )hwhuent speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  The diagram shows a wave approaching an aperture.i)t . qra5nv4s


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  In a Young's double-slit experiment, the spacingo,)8c1ke0)e,f6tbe bvyce px of the double slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the end of the finger. Thn67,xs2asku 9rqsbyt8aq 2 d6ese ridges can be 'read' by electronic de7,sdan2buyks6q xr29as86t qvices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  The double-slit equation describes the relationship between the separat r2i;x0 /nxjcnt6w :ebwt1)meion distance of the fringes on the screen, e imt/;nb rwct :)n02j16xwxes, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  Which of the following options will alter the frequency of a wave)y sr 83fvb4 crdzrl1;?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through whica)/t h3x1q r0 cut4stn,7l grhh planar waves are passed as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?rat /htc xh71 gl40 rq3tu,s)n



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?