Which phrase correctly completes the folvx 0v-) qnoupn 9ifhd97r8 a.llowing sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  Which of the following imagejr)r hmv3/ppvf5.b/ l s shown below best represents the path of visible light traveling through a glmv )l5p p3f.hj vr/rb/ass prism?

  A monochromatic laser beam is i *qp173rtvce shone into the surface of a tank filled with water. The effects on the laser beam due to t 1eqrc*v3pi7the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  Ray diagrams can be used t rdc88ropidt0r1t (d3w*zi7 yo show the reflection, refraction and transmission of light at the boundary between media. 7tr r1iwp dd 3di8 tc(y*08zro


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  Young's double-slit expvu01df3 .,vdj gb+nbzeriment is setup as shown, including a monochromatic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. What is the p,und .b gj1fvbvz +3d0urpose of the single slit in this experiment?

  The diagram shows a wa-jzm-0 o) q9-ettx djlve approaching an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  Which row correctly describes the conditions for const :81qf,awd6ueh+j bmbructive and destructive interference in a double-slit diffrabm6f8ew1 +: jhd ,qbauction pattern?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the end of the fingetka,np73 id* 2 jyajw3r. These ridges can be 'read' by el 3kaay2*t 3d,wj7n jipectronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  When a light ray enters a denser medium 8/r5*jn:/a my zxlulhand refracts, some of the characteristics of the wave will 8: r/za x/ljmu5*hnylchange. Which of the following options is correct about this change?

  The double-slit equation describes twvg ,m 9z,r icdl8puhuz8*y17he relationship between the separation distance of the fringes on the s, yuzg8r,hzuw1impv9c8*l7dcreen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  The diagram below shows ahkl f(8z6shw:z:h 0d fn arrangement used to investigate double slit interference usingkzzs(w:hff l6 d:h08h microwaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their sparkle. This is caused bysfl v7;2 0oelk total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gel le k27vos0f;ms, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  Which property of a w7f-)zi8 mm- yuyq zul(ave does not change as a result of refraction?

  A ray of light is incident on a matotgywd4;(fu:7 pfl(;e-h qoz erial made from three layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each la-do7hlyu ; zetq(fg : ow;f(4pyer the light travels at a different speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  Identical waves that begin propagation at the same time leave from two q9;o8 lzq .yuqc xktao -9:cq2different sources t z8q qqa;.xy 2k9q:-lo9cucoand arrive at the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through which planar waves are passagq,y,luy; .ped as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitude of the wavyq,yg .;plau ,es be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light ptye (vju0.8p)ic:yybq )u k8fassing from air into water?uy(fq jt u ypebk0):.cvi88)y

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monochromatic lij/+vhs:x w)* wsv,yfa ght of wavelength)y +/jawxh*v,v: ssw f $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is emitpadn tsridwi3 r(xu1 hsfg3+nr) - *09ted from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  Two waves from individual poqbj0u00qa3u dint sources meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  In a Young's double-slit experimentwv * cwl6myfv0lr: hajhox+c7f:,+/ l, the spacing of the double slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  When moving from mateox7z+ kvi e4gp3 ywl6u y9t8p(rial $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  A student is investigating the interxb07kee9 s zrc(oe cq4g4j++r ference of waves. They set up coherent waves produced 4ee b sc9(40q7korj r+cgez +xat points $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  When does diffraction occuhv5j,o- jjyv fvml,;t)go 5 +br?

  The effect of a double slit on monochromatic light is obse -rt5,n y7ip d)6a xop. (oojbxirp6/irved by the set up in the dp x/pn)tr6ado pi5 jr y7b-ii xo6.o(,iagram below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  Which of the following options will alter the frequency i0ftdgqt3 ) g*0;h bhn8ry4dckug b)3 of a wave?