A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  Which property of a wave does not change as a re/auaw jo-h7(j m82a*08f ac9zryt cvfsult of refraction?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through which planar waves are passed as -b)h-0 8z/wb-lfdk t;krm rojr wzz5- they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitudwmzr8 hk-rrw0fd zz)jtolb; - -/b5k -e of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from akmcrnky.6 7y4e5k6 (kpfn0fy ir into water?ny40 .f5ny kr cef66pykk7m( k

  The double-slit equation describes the relationship betweml fh es(i9f/ x6nm 2b*8hu;hhen the separation distance of the fringes on the e m/ xsul (h8f;hb9m*f2hi6hnscreen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

  When moving from mate2(z ,z y,ki piprdep2nsso7* l,v 6/hurial $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  Which of the following options will al)(qh igf41l3uwp (mwtter the frequency of a wave?

  Which of the following images shown below best repr1kip/* du yxzwku y/ve 8r;/.cesents the path of visible light traveling through a /y/;uxyz1/du kv c8kp e.wr i*glass prism?

  Young's double-slit experiment is setup as shown, including a monochromatic sje0la)1/k h*uo(ivk qource, a single slit, a double slit a a*u0l)e vk qkihj1o/(nd a screen. What is the purpose of the single slit in this experiment?

  Which phrase correctly c)sune6)z7j gv3q --x8pxezfi ompletes the following sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the r5cv*h cn/ct5u eflection, refraction and transmission of light at the boundary between media.c5nvcuc 5 h*t/


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement used to investigate double slit interfere0tjbix/b.ei :htj 25 mnce txj0.b:j/ m t5i2heibusing microwaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  Which row correctly describes the conditions53 vbj cofww25 ts8y7q for constructive and destructive interference in a dou2 3vt5j cw q5byfw78osble-slit diffraction pattern?

  A ray of light is incident on a material made feil9vzhx 9wm mo-+3 -krom three layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each layer the light travels at a different speed.e9- o+i9m3whxzk- lvm

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  The diagram shows a wave approaching an ah )(zkn 97 x5u uuzmws:b)8+ smq+gs+kf.afubperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  A student is investigu ok8()rs 6sbxating the interference of waves. They set up coherent waves produced)kos( x6s8 urb at points $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  When does diffractiow)c l3qmh/z t+n occur?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their sparkle. This is ca66 x/rnk( czv op hv2s4 ;*3,z oabxgmbzra)n0used by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery becau,ox o6r/x(zn cn34rm*bz a)vh ksg 02;pv6azbse they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monf,dwb/x( l+t e)3splc ochromatic light of wavelexb /)t+(3,lsplfedwc ngth $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the surfacocd3: tzru2-0ylx +9wff 3xjze of a tank filled with water. The effects on the +xr3l-z30x:y u2jztcfowf d9 laser beam due to the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  Identical waves that begin propagation at the same o,lic1s dbju e2bsr*5gc ,n7 .time leave from two different sources and ar slen,.1r*7od 2jc ,bsgic ub5rive at the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  When a light ray enters a denser medium and refracts, some of the characteristic r6pc deu(eb p7zo,kp+*m(2fvs of the wave will change. Which of the followin6 p7dcr k*2,ezp pf mu(+obe(vg options is correct about this change?

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  Our fingerprints are made up of m3 ;wsn-yc-7gekt c d*a series of ridges on the end of the finger. These ridges can be 'read' b m37yts*dc-w-;kcneg y electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  Two waves from individual point sourcef,v0rcqd im 6,s meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  In a Young's double-slit experiment, the spacing of the double slits nsy52jz )x99r*7 ) uqltmcdjuis $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is emitted from sour00t4z0m bx hzmce $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  The effect of a double slit on monochromatic light is observed by the set up i(ak-l9g sd6xq n the diagram below.k a69qdl-g s(x



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?