A monochromatic laser beam is shone into the surface of a tankl 6d)bxlq x yfgx,h+1f5 q/ 18(ckvror filled with water. The effects on the laser beam due to the water are observeqx brcl85 q1 6/hfdv1,+gx yxkrf)o(ld.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

  When does diffraction occt+4rupi0sc1udki p j z.xc4( 7ur?

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from - 4kio04, g7pwjocpur3nn7 s 3efe+sxair into water? +us4 k,3pin7ncowgje-rp0f 47so3 e x

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?

  The diagram shows two waves. O: :x+mty wlss0ne wave is emitted from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves?

  When a light ray enters-:qoaf0(k3iw 0h s piz a denser medium and refracts, some of the characteristics of the wave will change. Which of the following options is:0qp 0oi 3s af(kihz-w correct about this change?

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the en (/tfhfv3 04wxx ifxkw14ytg 2d of the finger. These r2h4f(f3/y x wxx1k t wfv0igt4idges can be 'read' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?

  A student is investigating the interference of waves. They set up co0p x8sin*fw 70vwp7uoherent waves produced xw *7oupn0isp v0f87wat points $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?

  Young's double-slit experiment is2hsogtje,,i 2 setup as shown, including a monochromatic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. Wh ,sot2 i2ghej,at is the purpose of the single slit in this experiment?

  Two waves from individual point sources meet akc+;- )of8dqui x .udqt a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ?

  The diagram shows a wave ian f*z31 xpt 3+atpe1approaching an aperture.


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?

  This diagram below shows two apertures through which planar wave6m:/ yhz,9g722nl ,tyw dfutf c6vy kes are passed as they are moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the ampyt z 2wv6k y/yu ,ftmcl7n269,fgh: delitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material?

  When moving from materialhz ee/*89my x f1bljj3 $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?

  Identical waves that begin propagation at the same time leave from twt18 djco5nz 38dp;egh o different sources an8p o1c zgdte;dn j58h3d arrive at the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ?

  Which of the following optionsylffxm6w, m*+ will alter the frequency of a wave?

  A double slit interference experiment is conducted using monochu,nz/nj3 (jry -d vpfcn */;ebromatic light of waf;-z vj*nj3/ ru,n (cnbyd/p evelength $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?

  Which row correctly describes the conditip,;ag lh jkdff 132:loons for constructive and destructive interference in a double-s a1:p; lkfdofhj,3lg 2lit diffraction pattern?

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the reflection, refraction and trans0m wenx4 9i/wvmission of light anemw4i/x9 0 vwt the boundary between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent?

  The diagram below shows an arrangement us:olw;1rde*c4zp gh*1p0q tu z ed to investigate double slit interference using microwavepdlw e1q:h1; *po4ruz z*c0t gs.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.

  Which phrase correctly completes the follr/ppmxr/k poroy/)tl3 ,u d48owing sentence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between

  Which property of a wave does not change as a result oldxx 124pn3jn f refraction?

  The effect of a double slit on monochromatic light is observed by the qmuwi d97 m3opt2w; +nset up in the diagram 9mm iu+;wp32qt dnwo7below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes?

  Diamonds are highly valued because of their svum1rfz9 z,rud*f 5 s1,oob;pparkle. This is caused by total internal reflection, which reflects rs ru;ofp vfd1oz,*5 1z,bm9umost of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much less than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

  Which of the following images shown below best represents xfa (rx 09hbp:the path of visible light traveling through a glass prism?:a09f( rpbxxh

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound?

  A ray of light is incident on a material made frome1) n)frc* 3gzut1qlh three layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each lz nhtr)e)31quflc1g *ayer the light travels at a different speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer?

  In a Young's double-slit experiment, the spacing o:x/nypfa0ky) ir:me b:): 6t 8imciref the double slits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?

  The double-slit equation describes the relationship betwee lncz6,p sqi7) 2zi,jen the separation distance of the fringes on )iq,es 7jz,p c6lzin 2the screen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?