Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of par2xrwx(2 usghit. f3 /bticles, it is possible .xbh f2 wtrg3s/2x(uito produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton iae kt+7 e0 pks.d,xd+qs $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, whh 2*,xk:hux - g.azyhiat value is conserved in addition to electric charge, e,h :2h a-gik*hyz.xxunergy, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 and anotdpzqpr /f(zql x2/ w1-her particle. dpwpq1x z2-//lfq(zr What other particle is produced by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said ()w+t9 gsu3 /v l1uhxywwh3qh to be exothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction io r7ey;y1xca)x5u k1e9 pua m4s said to be endothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium ucox )x0ra zgm+5.df4 splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neutron ig5cu4zxmxo0ad. rf+)s referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei coxi nu6yyry4)t9hx /-l, bg.xo.a ptv /)rra7lmbine to form larger ones is referred t,x 9lr .xpyy hyb /ang4 u/.6v7)txl)-tiora ro as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the productsu):p *d ihqayfr,t/e3 of a nuclear fission reaction compare to the mass of the orpfau* tie h3q:)/r d,yiginal elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reaction compare to the m;(p c(:eiiop awig3 kyd .x-ut; rlj4-ass of the original elementsr d.ojkitwe;yi i: xp3- (gc4u-;( pla?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogenhm6z7y3fsjebe .e - ;l undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fim/s3z1 y1;emvoy qc*p217 d-zkfru khssion is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion 19dq7.j((4nw; fxus htk/xdd xa z m4jin the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star,9l tfx s.t 6m5-d,tx2inx7rs/g h :ssk such as the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy the Sun radiates to us?+o-q4vn hv165y r9 ovhqd g)by

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16#

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What is the principle differ:bd-egi1voe r5y4fz8 ence between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb. Wa6 z9x8d sr1jhhat does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critical8 zkseqrq t5p/74d8q (ni 56oevxkh4 i mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can o ;h61xlf uge :w/smv;ku.zwd* ccur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to li:-zzr6 rs;e bkving cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop bet8isqeoz4salo :t /8 /ya particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair production?; /9gcpmacc4unju7 /a ok,1qa

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describr 8z5k n3t+dth h9g/dve radiation dosage in humans exceptnk gz t/ d8h+rth53dv9

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose of radiation in a humavchv0y 1.gopn7x 8 ah+n is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bomba 8s85rl,*6kk.1xx 7tuwg dfu :jpcs xurded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactio 0 kgm7,g:,j uqxnc0ivgk ,or:n $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear .o6q u)30pfcg(xvcid reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction)-n+bvvsye-d3d +u.qlglje+4 ara:r: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nugj vsb9. w9a,1bol6fq clear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nu: srx:fn1tct1 clear reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: 0 cikmfs2 +al7$^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's three -+9h-gku8ixz rxo*eshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What ixh- e x -g+zi*kro8e9us the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the follf 7jvkib/es +)zzfx 7:owing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the followin8e6vvhw(gvpbqa.93 hz k*: g/j(wn9rvo+q x ng reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the f h.-: v yftt,j3k-wzszollowing reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction of the proh5 z ihtbi)4l/s3;nmwcess $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy releahbkh0e3)( d nmsed (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the following red0bm(3nkhh)e action? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician taa.jusyd9os6- kes an average of ten X-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What6 sy.oa9 j-dsu is the total dose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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