Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate e-fonbvix f k4,92wucetw /0)beam of particles, it is pos)xvofu0kwe be if2t-4,/9 cn wsible to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton i*;xoqi1nvcybn2w 7 s4zs.8n cs $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to electric charge/kl7u tt ;3wmd n:;uag, energy, and momentumauldg3 /tn tk;w:mu;7?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 and another partic:zyn)is7 .z txle. What otns x:z7z.)ityher particle is produced by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total kin y,mvpvk0gm(/j ugbm8o/x( ,e etic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if thfzrx 2n y ajk0k.l.t,5e total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a he)b(npqd b 14wd 1uha9eavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after bnbe d)ph4ud(9a 1w b1qeing struck by a neutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones is referr gkj0 0dw nt4wl3x*u.yed to x j4t3wd 0glnw*u0k.yas

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the pn h)y)c5bcqfgq- b --xroducts of a nuclear fission reaction compare to the mass of the origicy g)ch-5q)b- q-xbnf nal elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion rea93 no-xgbk+f*7d qo cpction compare to the mass of the oro7 q d9np*fgox-ck3b +iginal elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogen undergo fusi a*(ilucm +) ;fcsbul/on,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissionnd-h*jgj (.5ioeq*) vvr t+mn is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusioj/vm y;n485z o tji94sb-xv 2+vwm durhr. e5gn in the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the:rq tzsr5 gn71sz5*l r Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy t6udk6l0tjfh h -,lpg (he Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hyd+g*f c pt1qkjyw w/iqc* 8:km.rogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kukilm h1 -1dv n5 7t:4tzp wn4rzy,v3hiloton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the ta yun1ax.1nbn ( ooo1ue0w u*4erm "critical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can ckrb55 xqp s,,nk 0zw0occur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to living c 6xr;(nwin1tqx j3(7icdp: syells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stoz iavq t)w5dgeda ;gkt/wi6tc*9h. ; 3p beta particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair pr1ij8 )e exq7cgoduction?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to ,2 nxjs.*kyq ddescribe radiation dosage in humans except*n yq x,kd.2js

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose;1e n4h3vgebn of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded with neutrons, it can change intyi:mkf g dc 2hd:v+0i5o

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reaction kkagb 70rseb,/,gqi0g(d *y h$^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction:i5:sa,mlbc 4x $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the followin jx5(,t(piar wy wl 5ws 2 3-ri2zt.awyuqy+;vg nuclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following +e7y4i asja x)nuclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reactioskum0d: vop,c.:b * ctn: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclear reactiocfkmw lpbqm /50,ei99 n: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the rea2 oq1 ri,h440nxyww a9jfyl:w ction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the inw:4hf1q0ry9l ,j a w xwiyno24cident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the following reaction4 /cszv3w w y6z; r)+mzey ztbu3x4i(wbr,x8k: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the followi3af1 z *wvb/ cm6zb70 exg-qdang reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value fl8gq 0si5x thsx/ja+ .or the following reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction if ;h2ge*ts+i3utp gm)e6b :kof the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or is0pg7n*/ gki(8e tn6izx0eu ep1:fo absorbed (negative) in the following reake1(i*6xn/ n eiz8e oftui 00p7gspg:ction? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day a 76 :rt ysnw/jz:o6bypnd receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technic7s6o:tn:zr yw/bj6 pyian receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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