Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriae) ubrv w2-oovv9t /zeh9g ;p*te beam of particles, it is possiwbv eo og/tz-vprv2;)u* 99e hble to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton is ugts.wv6w 4 .pyg2y0x $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is consacmimqt 32 i0o b unm4y )fx6na72p4j0erved in addition to electric charge, energy, and moment4u6m 0 ba 2pqi4natcxfyj3mi20 o) n7mum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-1v kb,vim.*82m;ans al8 nucleus producing fluorine-18 and another particle. What other particle is produced by this nuclear reaction?vm8m*k sv;nai,2 lb.a

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total kinetic eeak)t5 5ba.svf +sb7b e)yu;h49earknergy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic ;bmhs kde6)5 eu/ en m,b;lg4iif the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two intps tke ow9*+y3ermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neutrok +o9yst*ewp3 n is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form laptt. 4wr;9ojzefg1 j; rger ones is referred to aw e94 1zjt .of;jrtg;ps

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fissi/mzjkg. iz* -fst/ )omon reaction compare to the mass of the original elements?mk/*j/o ) ftzm.s -gzi

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear ayg egx t 70q pdcz,j6d*;)63oqw.e lbfusion reaction compare to the mass of the original elemegx*dt3;w6 zl,e op )70.j6a qycbqegdnts?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements suc o/:9kq/j upgrkd.uj9 h as hydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissionjpn5 oj+zx.b i d6p1,x is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion o(c,xpcqbu ; zic7a8+in the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, su2hsvpwqgb ad0k.n6 0. ch as the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energzyvf,t8 3 kju0y the Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hyd6.7 cwh 2vj*qnfcun8 krogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to arc5tlf9 gsp9o;3 e0av;k0nwi d*mk y, "20-kiloton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critical ma6m s.z:o 2/na-tibx- pg2zbed ss"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can ougbnmu .m 2n/l7se7tu)j 7zn+ccur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damagqk;l5 )ua: eiue to living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stopui788fa-iip b j qj.-o beta particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in paiprjmy 8 1r) urlet4-m75tb wvyj2 /)p9 dh2oedr production?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation doowlp kae90858 rxzixkvf067fsage in humans excep0k68vz7fk oxxl r0p5a8 wef9it

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose of radiation .1neg xc1he x+in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombu*3s r1x 8rcaparded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactih: sm76sm7cjuhs-p0 don $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reace3) w t6ovd38 vfinmtcbf. y39tion: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reo itorqo 9;2s:action: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear reac-xeeo k654zbz1jc1jj /r 3gjg tion: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the followingk -s3cq/n 21g(bm aw7gpl2nxd nuclear reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclear rpx6)x b3 rpe 4nsojq52eaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the - 11c0uhiukak reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stati-akh1u1 u0 ickonary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the following reacti ,pi/ofb5pv l+w.g*p ion: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following e oq6n45x9xr(izff*n reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the folloscv4b asqgri7+lja0, , t8xy7wing reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction o0mz i(svbs nffda:xx e9m12*-f the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative) s (cv+s omm hqe9 1*0odh1rvwypx1/ m9in the following reactio91r 1h sq1(+wxeydomhc/p vms09v *mon? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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Mark Problem

38#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An X-ray technician ta/fz zd+ ge x+ sn9;qpko6;ggi/kes an average of ten X-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technician receives in 250 worsz e+kfgdi;n +pz9 /o/;g qg6xking days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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