Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an 8mci 6bk/xgg0 appropriate beam of particles, it is possc0b/8m ggi6x kible to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton in4 hvk6ffvq(mvfrs7*b 0b x;(s $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in additizge *oerx,/k ;cxz1* von to electric charge, energeo1*z*k gz,; xxer/c vy, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 and vl :9ryj6ykq (another particle. What other particle is produced by this nuclear reacti(j9yl 6kyr :vqon?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total kinetish r vnabok 1j7sn;c 3rn08l2:c energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the total kinetic energy0i f mpwb 8b9yyh;3z7)e hyca+ is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uraniu32 lcd*ar yx.j0 g 56yqcjyz6j5pd8esm splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after beic 83zl*rygye66 x.d5pjc jq2 0ay5sdjng struck by a neutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to fork/jv7a c2n9u gm larger ones is referred to as7k 2/j9vu angc

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission reaction comp+9 m j)bwlwp2ajwe5b+v(p v*ry0j;ucl cf*e 0are to the0lv+j9a(*cuw f*v+0e;jbp 2mywp)rl wc bj5 e mass of the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reaction compa.yd f,hm nyds/ 38g.vcre to the mass o y8symfn 3dg,/..hdvc f the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements sucix(p-3s/+gqwe v2 j :sk m)zqlh as hydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fission i73nuay+z2u hj s

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nucleari (6lz8mjr+hl8akadikw4( g8 fusion in the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a6bld 91m;s dmbi ii. vutv52p4 star, such as the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy the Sun radi x3q (mrl9fkpeb 6*qa8ates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrogen bomb and a ur * 7wcaz mmra)fl1z62fb 1sio5anium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears refeddzza +2jyml /jp,h9o,8j 7*): frgzjj +w pqerence to a "20-kiloton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "crb bayu o)ns2/wc+qnc 4y.y54wmaj:l1 itical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can o.s1 b015j;mjwkv0oso g r+ zotccur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage j;5u;4wat 5p+ uowm 3m6yjvv4 d iz.hmto living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop beta particles?mw8i+v- rbcq7x2.min nyxu::z(v w,8cq ezl3

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair proz -i:k-v*;ywe 4xwjhnduction?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used thuf 5um(kk: l3o describe radiation dosage in humans exceptk3u(fm:l5h u k

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24#

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A unit that measures the effectyj,b qehe oxsfj*3++,4ut 0xtive dose of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bom:4gonhn s e61iu*7omlbarded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reaction wzqluh, k-a lm5zy*fgmw29, 0 $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nk 9 gwe8ri5p-cuclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the followii; 9gt 9mcmsi;jrp-sn k x):u5 n.ioi6ng nuclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction:d74f;vw/j5j qdj(fw- c ixukwv p8 b:3 $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nup z8 ;x:4na*c:z neqkqclear reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the followis+vcwv .k;gf e6/;1*rt fplxtng nuclear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a partid71utt.tme2 /9nmj 0z3 kn:vfvy- fhpcular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratiovj7epd:unh v1n2tm-m3t9 tzf.k f0 y/ of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the follow1g*kvd*e8fw+ rx khqo3ct -ug o x29)aing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following reactiog+(w 3cxt oca-va*cu3hf -fl,n: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the followtt g+12g pcly2ing reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction of the v4zv )/nsawt3 process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy relzzzyl:jrx84d 9 h xa733,pua peased (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the following reactiojl 39aa7 yp 8xp3du,4rhx:zzzn? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-f6,ri (as(oovpo r8idn3otgpz - o;,c5rl0l)rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technician receives in 250,p5rr(tz do solo;(cni-3o6al)8 ogfrv p,i0 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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