Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an ap:js1pg j.+sg lpropriate beam of particles, it is posss g.js+ l:jp1gible to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton isdu8 3dy-uqu+wv2fjd1 $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to electric cha+ ,fws- .2 rvz1idwjtbu7sr*y rge, e-1.sd rw, f vwutz2isjb* 7yr+nergy, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 and another particlez3dpoq7n- ud* tf4wa5. What other particle is produced by ufwaqt53do- p z7*n4dthis nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exother5 exvj fmaex i-:0:(+cxo: v+3yjjyrcmic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothta9 b6sn h z67ktdz-6permic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nuclx8 7p ((pubi9+ 7 le;lkurzazeeus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neutron is zu8 p 7 a(epu rxekl+9lbi7z;(referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones is referr b, 8(i z+pqirvi5:oched toz hc b,i+8pvi:5roiq( as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission re+f -z4g1imzebk4:7cvkzo 7xiaction compare to the mass of the original elements?mev :gz f1bk+i4i4oczzxk7 7-

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reaction comparcon cee95l xu-6s(vf(e to the mass of the original ele(nl exfc(su95-v 6oec ments?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydro x6lwct h4).rigen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fission yyr c8rf7 y54 l4fj,zvis

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center of the wf epkh1 si 4xv.x0w3(eq r.0aSun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the Sun, results from:g1f wejm8kx 08)bkh8xp h j0a

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy the Sun7y7 gc5+k8 rfonzmu llnj6g b/ ra.;u( radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium boh9j9bk7p 5x. ykb u:rfrogh7np 8q)l. mb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kilf5+ 0cl;9fvmb/-wd/ x ;fw-cegz brumoton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critcu dca(ekj4j8*k j *x+/hj /qwical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can 9 ; zbbagb 6 jwu o5l-evseou -qomvbc45(o070occur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation dax u; hb6shdumu85u)d0mage to living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop beta particlefnbp6:ze/sw :s?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair prgcx:c) va9s8en29 vk))puq d foduction?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation dosage ku)z)q6 aqq4r in humans except k4qrqz)q)au6

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24#

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A unit that measures thenp-q1a( bs:t v+tok+h)m .y/ wox e6xi effective dose of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is botb) z:vm(ipenu em5 l6ab-0 p7mbarded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactio9;1oy jr)z)oebcv5 yz n $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction . 2 zi pl(rh,d6l(,zn 4zhtscmfm2tx6: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reactio,* 1+z ( skdvrvyu5(zftvl3q on: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear realw ,yqgyyoqpw1a +3e c2wq4/2ction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: *zl+-dm-gu ii43iy yjh+m bj*u 6 cac8$^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the followingkyd xwu- tl+*2rq *6ilf6f:v-gx5d qd nuclear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reactpem * y9:)ko9 5ix6zv1cwgsms ion is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. :6c*x wsm9 m op5ksg1z)ive9yWhat is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the following react,ge:n m r sony+h,o 7qn5zl(3gion: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following reaction: wztoi31x0 93 g+47jyqrj ppcd $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the foll brtx9j**x1n5 m6z wqhowing reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of re 6 nku9gw5k1wdaction of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (0-tp ,2nbu(: wdj.ltgsn0y fs9d1d o kpositive) or absorbed (negative) in the following reactio (9.ksdp21gwb u,o0-tfyndljtd0s:n n? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten (+ w0om-xfa wu+(ty khX-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose whfk- (0+ yt(xum+aow the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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