Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bx 64scss ljz/;2;e.ngyz grg/ombarded by an appropriate beam of particles, it is possible to prsn x;/lg6zyzjg 2gs 4 .;s/ecroduce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton isg2/o z 4np,dfy 1md9j 7lzjes) $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in additia(afdi :g) p3jon to electric charge, energy, and momen(gi: d3ajfp a)tum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluo*3px:*jzx9w5ic; gkwj,loxtqm t9 0i rine-18 and another particle. What otherpg tkczx3ixj*9jx 0wt; 5*, :qiw9 lmo particle is produced by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exofuj24ato c4 8nthermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the total kinetic eners7d1,ahy.d4,nwb o e ogy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during wh zsph59si .n viy y(+6ft4mty/ich a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-si6v(z.y4yhy/ 9 +ii 5ntsmps ftzed nuclei after being struck by a neutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which sbcq v 2v0w.5anw3 .6bfm8ra aqmall nuclei combine to form larger ones is referred t2vrn3a50wa qw mbac fq.68.bvo as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission rea5/;j6dt,dkogx9p vi+gj) t okction compare to the mass of the original ej ox5 kg6g d9tdj/ ip;tv)k+o,lements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nv c :k8/tyiw *uzcp/5ouclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of the originou*p czt/vy:k /58iwcal elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements su- rqf+d)cn .fjch as hydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissiogc4o7+ fn0dqz c+x) k msc/+bin is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center of t4gl0kj8 ip; ms6rvm:bhe Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the S 68tpa 3 qs l.c ;mnklmwm*6fw)orjp(4un, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy the Sun3cnwxfw.u*1r1fr 6jy cj e-vks5 t8+jwr1y 2q radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydroh 9yqq x8ue69cea4u4jgen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kilosgbh.r -nh)azw-uy;whc 8 : s5ton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critic29:-y /sdqqucg j2yhvvz6oi) al mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occuaui q2e- rf*o+gu7.m1, tod dvr

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to living cel v/b5v 7fkaje,ls is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop beta particles;krdn 6/qid9 d :ojm18d djv6y?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pairwbc 03 )s utaj (re/x)vval97n production?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation dosagehz -5d.g,zuv,d6z bys in humans excep b.6 dzsug,, hzvy5dz-t

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose of radiation in a human is the m k7+f5b7y71l6pcrcw0jv ozg

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded with neutrons, ihc bptq )o:cx0t6.h7lt can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reaction6u*v8 hh g/2y4 reqgu*7 jozvh $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: ko4j4a+l99 stzi6wy z $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear re (ok ipnbi h6oyy qti21/o4j*)action: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following k:87-mssj 248zddf 7 sgnr pbbnuclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear re r;gmxt s8mmc* r,c0 7fc(rv9uaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following:ks5deyh kma1 k) *;2hzhi9xe nuclear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular rkenqw05k al) a 4 qp h4g79mhlmr./,mqeaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What ewarmkm.)q7 g ph4l5nm/aq40 ,lhq9kis the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the followinc*.8q* diljwv u) bd3jg reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the follwop(jc8lk9b ,cwc.8 jlre 8k*owing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the following reaction? /rk m0;glrvfr4n5 :rv$^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reactioof nlhf1 vr m9:zq7u.2n of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the foll2xzfkpa-c 5a +owing rkfaacp - 2xz+5eaction? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day and receivx16 49nivhtaic0w l0ues 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technician receivesv4n1h69wc x0it0i lau in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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