Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is -45mxz j+ezjlel (w5o9rs5tk bombarded by an appropriate beam of particles, it is possible to pr554wj el( z9lk+ erszt5jo-mxoduce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton jei2d n.sh58mzkh )* +2hy9fjldk8ui is $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to elect- s m czs-10jk-03u vgv.idbtoric charge, energy, ajv1kg - tco.u-vi3smb0 -z0 dsnd momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18o61mm 4rzyrj 7 and another particle. What other particle is produced by this nuclear reactio4zo6my1 mr jr7n?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if thezpx1pzx 8m:0 g total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the total kinetic ene-( i mjtyjvy8(gwm)w0t 0 ya7trgy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two ieivkn69;d iz 0ntermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neutreind 6ikz9 v0;on is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones is r 2un)q8 g1i+ unkmgvfqrg68 w,eferred to agkngn 8qm8v+rg u 1,wu26q)fi s

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total ma.c-jhr93 *j2xw hljl xss of the products of a nuclear fission reaction compare to the mass of thjjxll.h*2wh 9 3jrcx-e original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reaction compare to thegpy mo/z,nah .8 vga50 mass of mh0p5a g,.zg vy8/oanthe original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogen q(x5t 98 3 q1aiftemhvundergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fip lndh yl(*8w+xkt7fsyl, l ;3ssion is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the c 9rk:l-h7pwwf ztzcv,) c .j-renter of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the Sun, results frod4m zkeq6+9-z- c ob3dbavp 3hm

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy thh 5+*8svh8r ).bi nso39yrb-yyep .d-jt pbmte Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle differtmn;1dw1mt )q ;caca1 ence between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb. What :y.yxi ok7 yqp g2+ha(v62h xbdoes this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the*ean )+ vc 8:qopbu.fm term "critical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can o debuw4z8epf: db3qb ho0i(,6ccur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage fap 4b(3re w1yto living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop beta0)e k30j560v 6oqpv g1afjhql ppzh7h particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair produc*my::n (5igfvzkac7 occ,5jq tion?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiatiocm+ .o 5a+ wz ep+, d*wvrofafp4;jb6in dosage in humans exceptfvp6c. +odz af4 r;o+*w5ai+pem,wbj

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose of radiation in a human ji-)(-n ft6a.yubpfb is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded wi4 p; ywqhygza:;g6df;th neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reaction jjacqse r zy/fu0 .0/5$^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reacwq2ke ,, ) qu95xxxl 06ti*v ek-miocztion: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reactico.4i fs3lu4i on: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear reactiob x4ov uf.oqep64-r9la 0*zffn: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reacobayk,wem gc+es,yb x47 4kp9v8y l7- tion: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nu.m1 2jwbo kp3 +nkh/fdclear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and xol1 iegtfs870h sjo:g1b45j the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nusoj1gxf 1s5o84eb ghj7:itl0cleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the follc, h/lzs6dx/yowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the follop83r6vhbihg n5i) 9 oxwing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value forw* wu jqx n5g0*fx5f0a the following reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy o ;p a/vdru(9q/xqw *aef reaction of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the c pd( ;eh x uo 27j 27m7rot-;hb5v4cqgjscmz5following reaction?-cb;; sgc5j(r c4ohe7dzqptovm7xm 225hj u 7 $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of (q+n,eqtn ka+ten X-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose qa +kn ne(,tq+the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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