Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate ;vx(*sq dr t )(mz qn(q3iu1cwbeam of particles, it is possible to pn xq 1((uv)wdz( rqt;cim*qs3roduce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton isabysy) a/- /fe $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to electo in:koz/g*6m ric charge, energy, ann*g mooizk:6/d momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus prodxzk)stv ,1 7uqucing fluorine-18 and another particle. What other particle is produced by this nucktu,7 z)1v qsxlear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total48mxyp cbqzfwb2vf o5 b)u+, 6 kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if tisohj9 7 f(:l gwdu.n7he total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into h/th, 7x :c6b4qhwu8pq2deg jtwo intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck6h/qg4d7 ew:c 2tuh8,bjx hqp by a neutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which 5 *+d re;.sqzajhls: esmall nuclei combine to form larger ones is referred to a5;dsaz:lh+*j resq.e s

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission reactizsd:d1 w1rx5v on compare to th: 5rxvd wd1s1ze mass of the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products h5s hz;0bo 6ulx-ay l71kg8/ f cbnb-fof a nuclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of the original elements?nf6o bgbluz0yfh b;85al x/-cs1 hk7-

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as h k co d91ynbj8cj 2vb1ihv3;0wydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissi. a+mn0auv7 fst,y p(pon is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fddys*, w*zfw6 usion in the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the Sun, results ltf/i )cka5+ehs t49:r vqel, from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of 8 gtuk (sr.s1os ),fkvthe energy the Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle dit)t is5tu1,w sfference between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton*unjv2m5fbcds -2u x- " bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critical mass"g 6v) jmp8gqcx8lr0yzii* s yz974n5o?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occuckzu m.dc met+17g*,fr

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to l o;64*f3sat .d5spr yl dw;oss9l0ztmiving cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop beuj, kthciv560keekjl+nx , (cn 9h 7c3ta particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pa(lq;6yw2* f3lhjun yar/ qeb0ir production?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation dos1lf0r q0n., njasm6ad- -fbz jyjoy** age in humans exceptn-6 yyfs01, a f0o jmjnr*z- dl*jq.ba

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective d:hc yj ,bh4x9uose of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded with nxbxxtuzst 2 :8 -n:/ubeutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactiol/ h8nl,uke6, ukqb)c n $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear read8 b,b*rgaa/ .xc+auqction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reactiuid6xdg ;xt0s72 sasi7 .1ud aon: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the followixpojjz9 9/fr:( s w6nqxc9q*ing nuclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reactionup ogqbme/ bm94i6 ,a/: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclear 3wlv . :hjxz:ereaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a par12k3t /vdpaaz grg)5e ticular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the i3aad1gp tkr 5zg)2v/e ncident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the following reaction: i6g u 7 hymq+q;pop,a5 $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following reaction: ,0 1c:yk * nee r)hh.:wbdpllh $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the followiwgp, . /k ,onknd/ 9djuxh)ms8ng reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction of the ih0+++ a14wg rfva wmcprocess $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative) in 1z4 m alrd6(1q 2g kzgfht8.64lzjkct the following re(4mk hl1zqztd62 lg. t816jfakgcz r4action? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per. cm:3.erkbb n day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the techr me.k3:b.c nbnician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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