Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of paar h nb7n;iu..r;w-g .weqdp4 rticles, it is possibleuqd pr;;n4 w.g-wn.7e br .hia to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton is 9 zr,p25u wo7ion3e4 gos,a /noyb-ws kbs;l5$1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition gy *qij+3gn.n to electric charge, energy, and mom.*nji g g+n3yqentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus p.sdkx4 rjl +,+mnk1 dqrmyi:8roducing fluorine-18 and another particle. What other particle is produced by this nuclear rmj1ny8 .+mr q:,ki s kddxl+4reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said tomm5 jo fgt3u+; be exothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the total kinetic energy i wv9 v9 xulgrk.7z -yoacq7:y4s

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uraniu g:zc,g;hikem;di21mk -fl1;h hty l2m splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neutron is referredgliidc 2m2e;fy- :1kk mzh;glhht; 1, to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form 4kd 2s u9n/akilarger ones is referred to/9dkaik u 4n2s as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of theu g yl8kaj;69u products of a nuclear fission reaction compare to the mass aku8l6;9uj ygof the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nucleardaq9p5+dsds 8 fusion reaction compare to the mass of the o5 a sdp9ds8q+driginal elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogen under h*fjcdy 5v5qu1e mp/)go fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fission) 8i7l7:kmqx 1 *f7yjatggrum is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun5djrdq , 7dl1x3,w7 q oksy(fu is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the Sun, resul6l9 q7.vjlni uts from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source ofocsj+b z7d0cm 63xjt8qns(nx0 a j )1y the energy the Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrogen bomb .ug iuyb81 xs2and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference tzk yxay,2 ,ik/o a "20-kiloton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critical id0e;ojij (k6qt6 sw-mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occu(g2 l:,o j) -odpsoivl 9uz2ntr

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to living ce6xw; z f,ncdv 4y3k (0phkeq w*yxi3w9lls is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop beta part hwfmwpfdvzq0 , s5r6*(h9h/o ni76xliw p74aicles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in paiu wp2br41 .r0oa+c 5c bg4pylkr production?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation dosage innll+/kd-9f r (hd esj+ humans except+snk l(- red 9hfl/+dj

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose of radiation in a huo ;qn0h 03vtrrs13fi hman is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82yfd iyqy/94 n)) is bombarded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactionnl(c,,4g b l 25 7oom pg/pmnfm(ois/p $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear6ig3 ineye9; or1sv0 c reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear rv+spaij47n*-c 3rku neaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following ecb0,a) o-7x2 h srfpgnuclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction:kvcwg66*zx jc w00e8l $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: va+dvn tbzr/,,(nbmv7q v0(pqb8 og9 $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's thresholdwr4b9xsgy: m5 :h 1c8vg*xw pq energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the iv 8g:q*p9yg1c5rw m4wbxsh:x ncident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the followii)4p ybeaev20 ng reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the fo)3b8kokk j21by xhr2 fllowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the followip sb*x .licd,5 1wukqnb 7t28xng reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of rcqx 1a-mj2 .vkeaction of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negat7rs1 f8o2ba9 5s dwbqpm:qwldd ;n4 p;ive) in the following re:pbfs w a1m qw97lq5sd4n;p2o8bd dr;action? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes3ajay9qpn9 3g an average of ten X-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technician receives in 250 y3a9pag9 n3jq working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38