Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropria+yf6dyog 0iq8 te beam of particles, it is po+g6y8yqo0 i fdssible to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton is )i.p dn.5byxgr) alf5pr8 (ow$1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conser)d gdhg(i,n ,cved in addition to electric charge, energy, )hgd,,(igc nd and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus pg8wbo 0udb04r roducing fluorine-18 and another particle. What other particle is produced by this nuclear0 4wrdb0 gou8b reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total kinetic energy i1++y/uzr 3ihq o+j otas

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the total kineti2gy.ao qb*o ,lc energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during wdw3k6 iy z53suhich a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after w5syk u36d3izbeing struck by a neutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones pnu5 ) dciftlx6f:3l2k2pu +f is referred t :tkpfful2)uif 65d+ 2pnlxc3 o as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nucsal/ bxf ,vv52j. vch /1bm8hklear fission reaction compare to the mass2vjc/ slxb/v,v 1a.8fb5h hmk of the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuphcgl w8old4-)17 cyfclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of the original elements)ohc78gw ly1df p4c-l?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such asath/d cn/e.v0r h*;(if/)riib nwp4l hydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissb s/dth 1e1 4zd+8wnpq-n3 8gpztzvy :ion is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the cents4/pwoh5f jr 3er of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as thek ipe.eva76,f0gdj, l Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy the Sun radiates to us5 u+g bfi-qf)b?

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16#

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What is the principle 6tahqfu, x6ay3* nhr tg26* iwdifference between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb. What does this meanydbv ),equcs(h 8* ml2?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critical mass lnc-h f1 vkm/vl6bk+5"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occuz(- cjg.x1ahm r

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damaj vt62 vsbein3khl8 :4ge to living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to kjoua p3y,j8t: rc*7 tstop beta particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair pr*z)0rf io kix*x7ltt hz-,b-aoduction?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation dosage in y ed:dp) (w(nckdt .4zhumans excepte 4k:wz.dp ycdt(d(n)

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dov1:1 9t4ism imfzxq)dse of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bowx8869nq 3iir8pbm i imbarded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactiom+ :zmy:p 0kt(/v72atx g cyavn $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nucle52gkt v+xh3 dj r.st1zar reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reactio2 fz)exa8n.k rsv;n-ts . a5srrs4y 2bn: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nva 5to 1-iqlbkd .oe2+uclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: ufvipnn71d,9eh w:u+ $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclec smi,yf+ w3byzc 3 clqp9m,v4n4;d4 iar reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reacta h003a 1ef+o -jzbzucion's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucuaz+3z1 o- febjh c00aleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the following r;)aalj4v(w. a: sfhi3bs+ko k eaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the foll-q rar,5x 9jqwowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the followl7nlzr0wn,u /l a hf2.ing reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction o -nzh1s0) zgi6t5 ox6sw1desef the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) e u/d0vtoy5d48xwp1d or absorbed (negative) in the following reaction?pu5tx dd/yvo0d18 4ew $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes5dry/4 i8x*/dbf:aqcht +oy j an average of ten X-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technicid: 5r *ytb8yf+ah/dx4 /oqijcan receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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