Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded rjq.y -wv.61tv5n 9a*(kz jvs fxo1qgby an appropriate beam of particles, it is pov5v9. asqq j*-1vowyr 1 gnktxzf6(j.ssible to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton w hm2fi*48 ;xd viyek tolb-f.kt )q;8is $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition9 +n/jl-uwzll y m-(t-dyxo+h to electric charge, energy, and mo9lu-x-lmt y+-z jnl ow/+y(hd mentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 annd q0qbe5v9 kvn 8d83pd another particle. What other particle is produced by this nuclear reaction?5nddek8 vq8 9qpn3v0b

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exo9wcy7nqna+sy7;o* tx ic1f )es y37vvthermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be enx(qr 1frdba+( )bx zx*dothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during wudo5/ync8k apobdyh. o0 7,wf /,uy2khich a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neub 7 akd5fokd/on/yh.8w2,0 uo,cyy putron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nu l6bent1 qj5;a(bq6uzclei combine to form larger ones is referred toja 6( blb5znqeqt ;1u6 as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mkz 6bu:xuk /j/flp;t( ass of the products of a nuclear fission reaction compare to the mass of the originalu k fuj(k/pbxt/l:z;6 elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the product1*e x f20d dqbvog,q,,c2yj rqs of a nuclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of*ve 1ryq ,c,q 2qd, 0df2jxogb the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogenj(5m/ee vtbfu* - qn,u undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissi 0.q. /kae/idcut25ipth0b e gon is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center of the Su yo7hf2 mkty69n is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as z2w8,c vy1m qnthe Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of run6 6gw b54rr+,cmcj the energy the Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrdff:by 0k wu5)i)tlw /i5kmk,hlff9 /ogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb. What does this mean3fizo ir/ k3ad )gh-wdjp+ b:(?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "criti(5jrwcnnwq3 )qjd;(t);w(ah sw8m mu cal mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can 5la 8a7boje(z 2kz ( yi(pjl,xoccur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to livin: ) d9 u f4(5x ifdvcaqz32)fu(taeraig cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to st.q gw7.stqjq-op beta particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pairbqfv2uq20vlh( p+t 0k.h0alo production?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation dosage in humans exce3 hme;e do;q9dy xc l s,g-09bdzy)f9npdfdc omb9y ;xqz9), 0 nhe;-s 93eyldgt

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose of radiatiox;vjgs5,xx ju(: b yy-n in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bomba1lh0r3-l; p-om*3*ersaiwt byzxh7o rded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reaction 8zjxf429v)7sy)z wpucci i4uc1/b k x$^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reactionh 0 m(lrm/t(sa: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the followingos5rrhxn2 ,g- o1:rm8l 5fdyz nuclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the followiwc ij7;lcpc882 ()y t6b1jjksbwqrd1 ng nuclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction:kyw bq7t+8sihd5 k; g5ya i5k3 $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nucle-nwjw ov*lwo(0a9 *jitdr u)0ar reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particulj30hg sm2 r w(5d3dzeq2dzk.zar reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of hrkjqd3sz.d w2235mdz(gz0ethe mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of 3 gc4yzm)qhz o f l7j4n,;0c ybi7rtf3the following reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following r pnu)+.db y/mes i6-vueaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the following react6 a4e-siiu4ley *n) av wylx5(ion? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction of the procebjp-3 v**e+ n)yybk jkss $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbuo*c lh9u+p96c(so a ej hfwe+zax2v9 x(n-o4ed (negative) in the following reac v9n(cu a*pxljxeozh(-w26o + uh 9+safoce94tion? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day and receives5n,s e ,3yy 87vwtofyg 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose y 7g,vywy,fn835es otthe technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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