Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of particlx )4lcpt6hkv if3*j g/ :pviy*es, it is pog3 6tk*lp x4p /ivjiv*hf:)cyssible to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton isb-5try amp 2.uk hm2j1 $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in adb8 pfedwt/)z7f;ud vg3 t:5akdition to electric charge, energy, and momentufkz3:d; u)wfdet/ b7pg8ta v5m?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-1zf. 5y2tmt*u adt tm..8 nucleus producing fluorine-18 and another particle. What other particle is produced by thimm. du2zy 5tt.t*a ft.s nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the toq f4 uivd5r .ru*dhxf(m3uyxm (2s n:,tal kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothepjv7 ) 9y7npxermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into slwsc9. qik)hd6t/. v two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a nei d)9 vhlq.w /sstkc.6utron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones is sm -c *f08f ;m3ifjoljx4q8q creferred to ;3fqm *-80q4ilsj fmj xf8co cas

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuc;wl- u +:2k-ahg+slhz ztzuw-lear fission reaction compare to the ma:uh-ak 2 l+suw-tg-zl +w;zzhss of the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the produ)2bu7 lfyf;sh cts of a nuclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of yb)f72hs uf;lthe original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements zeww*uyl9l1 -g i 72p a9jja*bsuch as hydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fimq,x9.7 cudlgk2 y8b . q)ojzxssion is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun isk17 panq7 pm+d

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, s1 hqfd* r,6/raf 8us-bdce8xw uch as the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy the0c: gu of2xr;ovm f6h) Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomlve z104c6iqp b?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb. What does th* v hsyt(aen7/is mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "clw +ry ,,lze3jly4 z+fritical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occu(vl35f3c3b8d ab tvtfiv. tu1r

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damcnh ux34wx*a9age to living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to bz5nw). o 7vxebp*y j4stop beta particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair prom).8shvld8h: rh1 ckyduction?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiatio8no0 sxie:kf ej.3:h-gksf )gn dosage in humans excep.kh0i 8:s3fjks g)eg :xof ne-t

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24#

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A unit that measures the effect4w:.b+ bq)x.gpg:r0 do(pj imti8 nv xive dose of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded with neutrons, it can chanjtp( 9q xf3.dtge into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reaction2 g o. eyaluj7 2npbe2srn*(6k $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following3sp dlv1.6hv5,ezn)qbju 7crv.q i n : nuclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nucleae)7(gxscz mog jbx.m9 .e8y0v3v +ctmr reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear rezcsj-ah:oe+ tmlc t67 5y1hr/6: yah vaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reactioi d o ilyfu7/;zi+qp3,n: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclear rea3gh e1pfbn.),u r1* td3comiktb3k-,hb+y rpction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's th/8mc. .hi*1 jhqekoe2nv/ vgsgpm 1t5reshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass o gc. .2kv*5vmeqi//mp1 j8g ton she1hf the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the fol pb3vkphc3o (w 5-met.lowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following rekt2w ap;kv57uz-bvg /0z +xh xaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for n y7j 6u ,x lvje/8nous90yp6tthe following reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of readq vze5mv4f ,nydsu e,i8)0.mction of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy re o al1k6icc3:zleased (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the following reaction6aiklo3 c1:zc? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day*ax 4 b26bsvcc and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the toc46 a b2x*vcbstal dose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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