Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of particles, eerh0 3chg (hzcca(9 3it is possible zg (ac c e0(3hchr93ehto produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton is -e9)7lpduzqohk(u a v:yi 9m/ $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conservasnz ovq.nd0:azdx-c1+ , 6hqed in addition to electric charge, energy, and momentum6xoa+:- qznda v.ns,cqz 1d0h ?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen6 *fdkq3dplsn4cpvh;2e x :7hq; t1v l-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 and another particle. What ;;3 pspd lvqqc*2 f1t7xn4h6ldveh k:other particle is produced by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is q /0d+ hjxsupo+6dyf8said to be exothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the total w h251z f4xjfpkinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium sp-k: m,q71fbemelpkr u gd5n(qgh 60m;lits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after 6-1dmmnqq;,k0p(bfh 7gkeel 5rmu:g being struck by a neutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones is)*p 29zj/ reux .uyzor referred to /xpzr z*uy9jre2. u)oas

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fissio -ho q9jh7w-tkn reaction compare to the mto-j k hw9h7-qass of the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear 8ugwtm(.(l pn5*nvz9 os q)kw fusion reaction compare to the mass of the original v*()uwq .ts nlo58zk(9pnwmg elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such za qn. ;g-z1mras hydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear e0rvv2h8t6 si fission is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusih1r(znrs6e 2 qyh4p l.on in the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, wnv izr +n lw08/ft35ysuch as the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of ty1vpc w(59 okshe energy the Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrogen rdvwz0r3 y ijw3u 4/8qbomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb.qcg-a+vo e8a6 What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "criticabw)c voz dq8r7bg*ee,npr,9;l mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occ c5ed6b+ rcp:bd tu 2ra))qg9aur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to living ci+r;u/ soexy :ells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop bet* zty/0jz qssgol h;gpg9nfj3067(m k a particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair prodwn c*dq0l/h 4luction?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units usea: rw2ox8kwpim 5ac/1c*sqf: d to describe radiation dosage in humans excep mofipw1*sq:w8 x2/5:ac rcka t

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24#

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A unit that measures the -xeo.*iiz4 wsac 4 0wkeffective dose of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is8i (. gn5sipt51z8mwra j;krp bombarded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactii 8 y,g2fmyq k7:ghh7ion $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nh5j 4f0 dzcktj)uj .enb(bi9.uclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the followingn hckjll- g2w45vrt, slcx70 0 nuclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear ra6/yjp y,ivpcp f9 *0jeaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclea) b:2 0anl(qx )2yghk,f,btazy,g my jr reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nb6 pz1f/. xddzuclear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, eqwt83a aqzv*2pn -kik)-om ;and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary taep )8k;- n*z-i owv3ta mqqak2rget nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the following reacat /xlr6o:i*:ib1w uf tion: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the fvfbwm,c/lze(;llv , : ollowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value fouol v (sq8ldhi*5e1(ur the following reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction of 2+xlq2rjz01b:x zj g sthe process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative) in t ekt/81 hv1sgwhe following react /v8ske wg11thion? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an a,uw -5 kszr5erxxd/g9 verage of ten X-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the 9dx 5wrgres 5/,-kxzutotal dose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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