Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of particles13en 3 ohd/j7/yzycz m, it is possible to produ7 /3mzn/13ydecjzyh oce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton is coetzhg3m : op-94nlw-xbo/6 $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in additio5zmgyyow fkh. 6/9k/d n to electric charge, energy, anf/zkyh.5kmgo d9y6w/ d momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus +obhe-cw93grhst u 3 6producing fluorine-18 and another particle. Weu3r h owcbs9t 36+gh-hat other particle is produced by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic iffl to/m5w 9wu9 the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the tn)jr;7.rs 7thz u4g6 3 dlhxt2pv* e;elkv 9ftotal kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy e /miqbwdp;0 1nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neutron ispq0b;d/i1 me w referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei p9m wm5f 2o60mzjv 3bacombine to form larger ones is referred too5 0z63vmf jwb pma9m2 as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission reaction compare j4:wgiyl fd+2wf 0wz 7to the mass of the original elj27: f0fy+w4ww gzd ilements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of ther-(geoh6eg z6 products of a nuclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of the original 6-zrg 6gh(oe eelements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydroqv p(oy9(urz/k :r rq+gen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissi07/ v nf:yiorion is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear iec(y(rrg) s8fusion in the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the Sun, results lsuk) )a4m f5vwusi1 :y84/ dmjm k:sbfrom

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy t t f235qzzj:z o9fu7mx jr:ty8he Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principlegky,0grvadv 3h 3k*-o i5b (ed difference between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb.un*tv( f q.l llz7/cz0 What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critica c/;yx7ztifgb+ fcq-85k j.ebl mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can b9-mpbep2p;/ sy/x eeoccur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation q-.bv84ckufl 1flzt 3,em+xddamage to living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop beta particleuq 5q-hxi n15i b6ta)js?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair wqdnk(q-vnm 0lfb73 a ks53p9-f7e dl production?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following av w vrp2qt,b*)re units used to describe radiation dosage in humans except,2wqrtvp) vb *

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose ofd h+qy/m;2ehb radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded with neutrons, it,y43rqozlmh :x*q xg5 can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reaction ;7d 7yyk yek9vvy27 r h4hy)4heik2 fl$^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclea6)l z;,spc3nl o +poxvr reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nucleaw3,rusxojsnlmn vxe e37+ * *6r reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear reactivgrs0rdv6/j6pd5gifu ehhb-,c jm je.m48:- on: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: fkcx45*0daew/36o mvvj*pdz $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclear reactiqu c s05; )lcs.jhsq qcx7b(hl-l,a1hon: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction'sw3byi v(86-vjuwp 3so threshold energ8wpbvis(3v36-w uo yjy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the followin7yhje w*d8g e,mqgd1:g reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following recir)e xt 1t/jk3 xjwe/+bi ;t2action: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value foj n;gstf0pi 16r the following reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reacth/o wcl i;kt*:7s.qdben9 6kmion of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (fm,kvg2l6n rr 4r.v: mnzfw/2 negative) in the following reactio.rv lf6n r ngkr2/ f,:2w4mvmzn? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-h-lky4.d*pcj :d6 le brays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray..dd-el*b: c ph6klyj4 What is the total dose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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