Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus1ppu fbf1ltyc:o /6bd/f9 *s p is bombarded by an appropriate beam of particles, it is possible to proppt1u9y //fpd*s1 f6lcof : bbduce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton is/d*.k*pgf iv zwwr-y. $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to electric y;sa9s9s 5lx 8 .ri3ztx +p+)jiiihtfcharge, energy, and momentum?t firp is)3.x+sjih+liz;x 9t 95ays8

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus p 3( v4z5oihybp 5)*bkxrgq4d iroducing fluorine-18 and another particle. What oth*54i xhkd vbp)rq5(yzi34gober particle is produced by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is sq/vkc2asn5et )3lam :aid to be exothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the tfhvn5 xau, i/6otal kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during w ca5rpy rm s, 3nihn,a*:h+rt1hich a heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neuaarh,*nmh tn ,1i+35 yrpcs: rtron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones wk/7i r/cgt 4sis referred to ws c/7r/i4gtkas

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fisn d0, h,.(xawit7y no+t 2ipgqsion reaction compare to the map xqwyo(nghdi02a+ t,it,.7n ss of the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reaopap17-ujxu b ,t; o1nction compare to the mass of the original elemen7 xjt 1n,pbupo;1a- uots?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogen undergo fujg de7/fy6v m/sion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fission iy; k/kn5dpllb; dzqt;4ry0 ,qs

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun ama5 7 lc6z el.5f c073x)egjfhh0alsis

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a;ta65gyzw6m 8s. q bku star, such as the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy the Sun radiates to oe ,n7.ucwjg3zq ,5qtainz, 0 us?

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16#

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What is the principle dxeabeq *0ily+ w1lwv/v 8p+1r ifference between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloszhe+mu u2n;y1p1u 4c ton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the zgetfqo9lfzj:2h1*4 term "critical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occurv:au2-hk(pnmy8 wj(x+ wz5hl s4 pg6u

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage hmcn sd4lj*k))9bfo 4(-q nyj5pjuh: to living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stovu-4jn cf/77dn, qz xop beta particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair producti zxnesw28b-* kon?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units u,dzaqsvze y h)4,s+e4 sed to describe radiation dosage in humans except4 szh y4v),q s+,zeade

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24#

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A unit that measures the effelm:ea(lrk3 u8ctive dose of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded )qua 78j)n ; chdlncoxt31ura)o4i m9 with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reaction gd)waf jy;u/)o z5m f7$^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear re1 s e*t; pqam x48px 0+a,/54aihcfwshojrsm) action: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear rea(4,ndg nvvl4n ction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following4-vw, ojev f6tnb .z4v nuclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclearx)m5b/bc :,;lklr ayiaws2z-+vh c k9 reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the followi/wjke5 5cv:-bahea a( ng nuclear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and th tv z5m- )2ooboen2*m/:j,y0 k9xntgdelfnu + e reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the ine*m- nenkdm )luy/9ojn2t g 5oozx,f2+: 0 btvcident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of the followif4*3t g hhv m9h/n+ 2:ltmlafung reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following re8+m53cd 1nnv kjo9tkkr t m: 5per5sd46ugtq/action: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the following re s110hsnuyz p,action? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reactio 41 lapl:b:pse)c1rdt n of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative) in tk 8 bt*qx+jb6yk68 hulhe following reactiotbyxu6kh+ bk8 jq86l*n? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day and receives 2.t/ 9 ;eoatusq;5 mrad per X-ray. 9eu;os/ tat ;qWhat is the total dose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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