Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

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When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of partic q/w z;mw-6rdnles, it is posz qd-mr; 6n/wwsible to produce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton is3*(xfo g01pqu fv6 wzx $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is,j4 c fk, wn+z-xy-hswmtc)q7 conserved in addition to electric charge, enerw7tsk )-c+4whqx j,,-yf nm zcgy, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleuj,5tk5+fej mls producing fluorine-18 and another particle. What other particle is produced by this nuclear rea5 kfj+mt e,jl5ction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total k((-r (c a9,pnb-3bednfanlt8nqb m.dinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if the total kinetic ene1jo - swi.gd+ks-ti777zcrs frgy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleulwa(u8 2i difpdhv 01.t5c2acs such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neplc fhcd2iua 58v0 1.a (2tdiwutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones is referqm9 afkmw 7zx*uh.8x;g0i/sbred to a9xqmizwg; s/8f *mxb u.0hka7s

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission reaction compare t+fp5- nu-pte p)hpr h5o the mass of the or5p p5+)-r-e hunh pftpiginal elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reaction comparf r uuhf7q/62sg 9,yulab)-z+ aphwv)e to the mass of the origub7/)fu qfahv9r-yalzpuh ) 2 ,w+sg 6inal elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogen underd)no.v sq221 cj;tgkn go fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fission iv de vu-vyx gx;96e*,ps

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion inw)4wzjubdd* k5+ v,ooopq7 +b the center of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the S mkx1t 0a.2ctfun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of thic pj/*udf2t 6 gd;tuq.-kk k/e energy the Sun radiates to us?

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrogen bomb and a 8z9.k9 m*setgnc)x us v)ayy+k r0/vjuranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb. Wy kf-p ub*4ce.hat does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "critwr 7r;m5ct :+bbvdey/ical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can otxuv 8g8b*l v1d0ek, kccur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to lip3l)v-y-pnf - :imcd jving cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop be .*dpx:z xy2 lm18sdthj7 u;zfta particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair production?a4xsry-7d o q phmkbk 8;d0c 5v-gt2b0

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to desnu/covw nm06( i5 suvb2.o jhip ,bovks7z ):+cribe radiation dosage in humans except, wk27nn.u v:(j5)zv6+ousm/ co v sp obbhii0

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24#

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A unit that measures the effecrlkd3z y; /wi8j8tu/ktive dose of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded w-, pejlq vlvmv 3h,p2;a9d at*ith neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactiojxgxrse3juxw*ri:jafj7-v+ g5/ v, ,n $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: qf2gl grum(u xz2 9p-.$^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: s3ial8 b+cmg) $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the followinkqjw 8jqrlab s-j+*0/g nuclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nucle 3i:4 cz1fhi+nuwj y0gar reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nu,5ar kol9zwj3q nm f- f6p3*xeclear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular repidyp-i.f 75o p6(w hxaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to d57. fi6 p (phwxyi-pothe mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

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Find the Q value of tke eu*ht4z1fm+9y ,ud he following reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following reaction: rk5w9o al7qy - $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the following reaction? 4164x gmn +jiitsur0.p w v7nz$^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reabk5 nm,3nfx)iction of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) ee*(e *(*icu s)ecv-uhnuz j6 or absorbed (negative) in the following reactioe -n)v*jch*zu*(eceeu6iu( s n? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day and receives 2xftxt5tu7:+6- i iom.gvfl. b.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the 7f. if6tg xmt vtio:bx+ 5-.ultotal dose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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