Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plateshk9pw9 yti 6/5xe)lfk, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are emitteet5wlix yh9)9pk f/k6 d

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideasa r0xz,ko37sl system that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated with aumh j ryis 6(*74gwd;rzg5 u)the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for ,fyu:j a.j mjt7:,uo nt2q:moa given photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planck'jx-56 gtmcyh :s constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a on; 4c4c wjm2 gktb0+mvalue of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particyj*.0s5ft ay fle that

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accurate st4h ,fspc4s3a jatement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon depends jz8ze(s 5n9mjkzirlrj.6uqk 6 :ft s72w cb(1 on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a phot;oelup 8h 1 )vd (av7ovu.lnu/on is halved, by what factor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energy photup ihx5)zi f;ugt 3:da32j p-vons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explakz (:xergwni;v1*p3fk02 s ouinable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to e ,pk5:5ufd ; iptt1zxjject an electron from a metal's surface in the photoelectric effect, the phd; j puk51,:p5tzxfitoton's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends on wh:y ob18kr qmn6ich of the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam)9ml.g rgv2 am of violet light each deliver the same power on a surface. For which beam is the number of photrl2mg)av g m.9ons hitting the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illujl g37t5tux3x)y (esa,kp d 2zminated with blue light and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity of the blue light ik7)xdutsxyalpt 33 ze2j,5( g s increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a substance that scattersgcmtk5b7,. ul5ruw *a the beam in va ,twkb5cm7*ur ua.5 glrious directions. If we measure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incident upon a substt 0dk 7;*xo*nvdh *vjbance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the waveleng xod j*t;v*nd k7*hvb0th of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increab.m, 3hs /ef ip-mx:vrse in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect3 l ewt3ghl9;-qgnvt), as the scattering angle increases, the frequency of the X-rays scattered at thatg33 h ltvg)nw9q;- elt angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering angle produces the 5yxcel6j 7vi,y pe1uy; og 3x0greatest change in 1p ey3 c,;y6y5xx0o7jui le vgwavelength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimum wbfu; gb9e4dgbn*)5q gavelength g9 q b*dbb4;en)gufg5of the X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possibqjw q3/:m5k9hbl l 9gzle for it to interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a pos: bhl9mkzj9q 3wq/g5litron are produced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de B94* 0dvvyzw46 dytcidez ri 52roglie wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelhm1g3 .8byu umerated to a higher speed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the followin5 jqzv-j(7x)/dux w h74i d(z2csqlwr g would tend to have the smallest wavelength if they are moving with the same spevxwqs7iz (j4/rzulh 2dd5- wc)( 7qxjed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike natu;uta; *m2h / v5fairry;cafa:re of a moving baseball is not noticed in everyday life is tac; ay ;/:h2rraaumf*5f;vt ihat

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over a light mic/g a5 qi(ipao9il:j gg*ddw(b*ke(l /roscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as the mrkiop+i2 7 )god1;wj lenses do in an optical microscoprij;dwm ) pk7+21io goe is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of 41bb4a(znp bh"photographing" individual atomsa( hpn14bb4b z?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the ctkeq6,ion- w t7+s1togq .k*l k2ex,atom, the angular momentum of an electron around th+cs,7kio, knq o xek1l6g2.tw tet*q-e nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit b9zg6y8d bdr 7where n = 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacenxk,a.ui i81n9 nd+duzt orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii zr/xgh*o6a ja;6z wb7in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to thle8 c xic+wqo42tcf4 4e most intense light emitted by a giant star of se o8fc2tq4iw44+ xc clurface temperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the mos:fad b2 n5 ;hujpr0ei3t intense radiation from an object with temperatu:0hab ;n2jde5i 3urf pre $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carriex-euk7g l6 nzgh.j)3 sd by a photon with frequency 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carr,fwj se;b c ;ocp73ipoj:. pz;ied by a photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation ha-w2+ism kqkhn 6 65kajs energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic roy7a ,saobyt v0r y 663z)ao,zadiation has an energy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon enexoirkp-u5 )ag- 8t;gprgy of red light having wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is sq:jwqu5s g9* carried by a photon of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 5u i3p83h tz+jfq8f 4ux0-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is monochromati pu83ftfj8u hqz3x +i4c and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function f udhw) qn/lylw5/9lwcv3m 65of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectl 9cuq/wvnf3) lm/6h5ywdwl 5rons if the wavelength of light is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavele :q7uo* xe1qlbngth 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What q*:b1euoql7xis the work function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, ti50z tf)p cvihg(7*r rk6bl s7he stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What ih )*sfii z6pcgk 7 lv07brtr5(s the threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of waveleng1ne /a0 x x1rzgok.d3uth 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the electroegk1 uxzxd3nro 1./a 0n?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A monochromatic light iy 2r,j9jsmkxi0i((r ts incident on the surface of a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping py2k(9i m0(ix,sj jtr rotential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angux.2g c9uj) x ;g0d:x bah;kkhle in Compton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavelength shifb9u;) gc.0gjhx ;2xkxua :h dkt?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays of wavelength rbno9q d+g,q4 b:ze1, (aaca) c9jokd0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. The wavelength shift is observed to,zdk j4qqa1eg r)nca(99 :o d,ob +cba be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 h:e-v)om7+n t9m v icgnm are scattered by free electrons at 130e. What is the ki)g7e m- +n: civv9omthnetic energy of each recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave ;gbb u6n ol. */fhutu5associated with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving wg;bo5 . 6nftu*uhubl/ ith a speed of 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelengnm x)0mz4l lauyd-4n 3th of a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed of 30 mu)4nm nxlal43-0dyz m /s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave a;,w)8 ibelu*phgq:mj,tsj7 w xn.y z1ssociated with an electron moving with a pj:.,uyt8 g slhw,*x e7 iqjbmw z);1nspeed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potential dif+ 4 tmjzwjc; m)5e-gmk.j*h udference of 150 V. What is itsh mg. te;m kj5dum j*)wczj+4- wavelength?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. df;ldcb f9vz+02s+i t What is its waveleng90iv fztbd 2sfd+l;c +th?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a pog8k46rp i8taqtential difference of 100 V. What is its momen8r kpi q68g4attum in $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential differen v +0 eiz*+kmw vk-v):vwel2zdbmy1;m ce of 100 V. What is its kinetic energy:1me-v iz; m2l)k zv y+k*wve0v +mbdw?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg has a wavelengt 1naw/2 (glgazh of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is its energ5g7c7ve ,b ,h,odepwcu.pv8 oy in eV? (This energy is not in the relat,ovwb e57u8,ce,hp . vgo cp7divistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The electron of a hydrogen atom jd00gc71 k, b zw/cpbbmakes a transition from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. Whk 01wb/ gz0dc7bp,bcjat is the wavelength of the emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The binding energy of the hydrogen 9oy(lq p t3uq:e23nrujz9li:qb::o k0 .mqdeatom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What is the energy when it is 0 pdr93l n29q ejqb.y:u ilo:k(ezqomq:u :t3in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a ph9pm( oxtdug 4-ieu69yoton of energy 12.09 eV. To which state will the9 6pymdgeo4uit(u -9x electron make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy of the neutral hydromm8a;k ke80 zsgen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy of singly ionized heliu3ery +6i jaah3c+t oq+00dgolm?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from state n = 1 to statehut)lu-lp x9( spl 9e1 n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -13.58 9u+g+unv d+ tdbr3 o2reV. What is its energy in state n rv+ t+ 23nd u9ou+drgb= 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. 5hpx);c/ st(vm l b5mbWhat is the energy difference between the two es /x;bblh (cmvt) 55pmnergy states involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single proton in an orbit characterized 21 b9 hepi9q*idc r)dpby n = 4. How 2edhdi* )qicrpp9 9b1 many of the electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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