Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plates, such as found ifgf/7lhqx7g 0)u;y2 xs 8uwrl nside a CRT, the electrons are emitteh /0x r8wxq g7u)fyg lu2lfs;7d

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal systemeom00k kr42i3 -caj38a 4 jsjh)jtggh that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is assovh( f2c (pb n.+tro3re)x9cn wciated with the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a given phon+- km iopd/utde3 d8y9g.k n)ton gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planck's constafy.ys8 k :a:j1qls rh5nt are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a value of )i0 bi0io5h iorqhz50

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle 7p)b6vqh8 e ibfu 9t46sgn 3kavdrv(,that

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accurate sa55g1m-- fj +) ti2o*s:oqk ikiweuxjtatement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photonv-/p ub-raj m ( 0u*wr-8n-rvz2nuuqf depends on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by what factbkb:ac, oyw+:1i * xznor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light j6zap3y k;bm; has the lowest energy photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explainab(cmky+1u5h-s+ vo t1gvqg)j ble assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a metazdhk 96 npolc- i 7zs c4b,or18qu7o0zl's surface in the photoelectric effect, z148o-lq 7 br9khi6c ,u0ocsn7ozd zpthe photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends on which of the foll; noky h.h;r2f.npffdyeh.13owing?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each deliver the same pgb 7pk/8az. 22hewncb ower on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitting the se.p nbgb/ khwa cz2728urface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blugukd6da if4a e7c 1kgp6gn:9,e light and electrons are ejected at a given rc gpa7,kk e d6g:u69 1ndig4faate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a substance that scatters the b euqv,5x jf5e2eam in various directions. If we measure the frequency of the scattered X-rays,ve 5xf5u jqe2, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is inci 0z:vkmc nnj vmu.8(;ident upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the wav0j(unz iv:m8m n.v; ckelength of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electrojv88rn2azc1gu- al++x m ;wbpn, there will be an increase in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increases, the frequrshx+8v (c p.h+gfa r:ency of the X-rays scattered at that anglehr+c f g hrsvp(+8.:ax

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scat8rhvb 0q6:np dkhh74itering angle produces the greatest change in wavelengthrhnq6 kv0bh8i:dh47p?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimum wave56.tbi8u0 8behgi zrdlength of the X8 g.68bhbiidr e05t zu-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible feq.ltvc41y3 y 1ea ek/or it to interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are produced; this interactiq1/.e yt e3v4 ley1cakon is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Broh29c/ syqpjpe, f.ey -wl5r j:glie wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated t )v0kyre d7 53sc0ns.gll6boso a higher speed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would sd (3qip-kgjse 5xha*wd4n3u+ 8; yj;dzle4p tend to have the smallest wavelength if they are movin iasl (hdnd-e35 zp43depjwj4*q;+s yx; 8kugg with the same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving baseball is not noticed indk6+3x uj)nl zv5.le9x myi/ j everyday life id6 um3il/5)zj xk+jlne9. vyxs that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over a light microscopeve34q2k ie33tqxyljp97h lo6dg a * e: .2mghi?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope6v u xx57w+hv)ja 7f;8mjag s,rb, scj that plays the same role as the lenses do in an opticalrv7 sac+xju) asx7 vh, jg856b;,fwjm microscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of "photographing" i + ng8kofjh(9f jfo9*lndividual atom 9o k8f lf9jfgo*j+hn(s?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atombd3 n +7shp2tz *7rjuupzb ,3/fpb9hq, the angular momentum of an electron arou73/pznd fh7+3qb*up9, b spujzrhbt2 nd the nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = qzlyx. 0a .s-rqh8yd84 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom.ooqnd7w4n:rtju 4.p4 v .yuh

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in a hyklb)hm+); /1zqjj sahc ,h6fxdrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength correspo0tn(u8f slen6akgn v7eb j)l*xj7s; 8 nding to the most intense light emitted by a giant star of su60 8alj( u 77n; nee*sls8v)jgfxtnbkrface temperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the 7 g3) eswcz:amd )tzf8most intense radiation from an object with temperature easz)gdfct87 :mw z)3$100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried um i6tc3+f)ld323as rr pp)kaby a photon with frequency 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with a frequency of 10/gwytqpe. x).cbhn3l.jjy : y* ny a2-0,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of ele jbag ,*:dpn dfwwa2.6vhxw 2jzz( 8g3ctromagnetic radiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetps-a:s 19h 1cl;qq r2y e)yfdfic radiation has an energy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red light having wavelength / .2(+e)kj0 ukj(ibkd66y5hmnuq xkp 3vd di s640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried by a phvt1u+ ;7frxdl *mb2v moton of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by asvsxf nw//1( t 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is monochfss/ tvx(n /w1romatic and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kinetic energy of the p4 zs +;m9sbg ari zp((zy6s4uohotoelectrons if the wavelength of light is 2au+mz(r9i;6yzg4s b 4(sop sz 50 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metale )b(bo e zr3yyydk(), surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the wky()y r d3zb,e bey()oork function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a me 9iavcw)p-+t0oqc y)t3x 5ydv tal surface, the stopping pote c+3it cda-x9t)vpv yq0 ow)y5ntial of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surfacs( g dllidyjzl7a)8e ,.6d az):g( 4amgljph4 e, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0lzdg aplh) yl8 :s6jm((ag4) a7 lidz,de4.gj.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incidg/i,qticf raz5lw28 pu/d5 b-ent on the surface of a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelengtuz p bdl2ct,q/fia/-58r g5wi h of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle ij)fn-8)sy 9 fzf(imut+nus ahd.-i- bn Compton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavelength sh-s--id h 9( +ayb.zstjin))uf8 fuf nmift?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. The w.hjm7-dqklf g*h z 9fh3+zfs:avelength shift is observed to hf+z:3hfqh - gs ldk*z9m.fj7 be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electrons at 130e.b,6 s(meje1yl/ts u-n What is the kinetic energy of each recoil electr e-lu6s1byme(j, t/ nson?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with a b6,bv (q 9h2m mggjoz;vall of mass 0.50 kg moving withmg62vvjb, (q;9go mzh a speed of 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wi z3jno/ ;os5y0 tz6neavelength of a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed of 30 m/s/zynieotz5sj60o ;n 3?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with an ge8iypb*u+ et6 j (6ydelectron moving witg6ebj*( yiup+yed 8 t6h a speed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 150 V. What is fyyy,2 au rx.j*o0hh4 its wavelength?x.hj2*,0y4 hfau yoyr

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of g) +gbrc(kzsav/we .es) pg 5knn),:d100 V. What is its wavele eg )()r av5/)wncggdp+zb ek, ks:ns.ngth?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

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An electron is accelerated by a potentix37i 1w5qwa dral difference of 100 V. What is its momentu a7 i1qwxdr5w3m in $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is acceleratb fh md9q plterxe 63o .6+otu-n9y; -dm0k2uoed by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its kinetic ene9o.fm6hm9 d+ e;odte3y0q-rtpb2klox6u-n urgy?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg has a wavelength oiei x98ecx.. he fa*)vrwg:tkm d38-w f $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

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An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is ics bept7,/.y. du ebq 5o0bxh1,wll6 ats energy in eV? (This energy is nowt,uqdl57..eo y 0,sb/alh6ce b xpb1t in the relativistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n =q2 sp /;,es)h+6wyzemi kvp3q jdq1t6 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength of the emittedqz , 6v2ki q/qs;3psjymew6+t1)e phd photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.dl ac7we0lc or: mi16 d58xh*b6 eV. What is the ener6 b7m1lxwolde5 rd0 c8c*ia:hgy when it is in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the grounduvm)o24 d . n:blzh4acqcj:p: state absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. To which state will the electron make a4c) z:pd :ubqva4oc.nh: jm2l transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization ene 2dz c x05sq fuj05rucg:18nbnr67lhkrgy of the neutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of z5 tsa8y62gx/segu2nsingly ionized helium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

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In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydmcfa; ,iiqjp1rsl *: sh24y1yrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

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In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -13*5telz:e 7b:vcm u9jh.58 eV. What is its energy in sta e vl9jmube:h*t:c5z7te n = 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the energy )az n*5t(m;jbi9d jq mdifference between the twojabj5;q9 mt * )(mdzni energy states involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a singl 03lc9hzbs2w ze proton in an orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of the electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this wchbszz290l3 orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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