Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of acceler xzszzb:*6 7ocrxq9 j9ating plates, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are emz jqbzz*rso:c 9x6x 79itted

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal st:j7 rp dt*lheb0,1r tystem that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated with the(s z yx ma/:-pyabdx/7 lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a given phot25 (di;8q: i lr6lnbrhqfzc z.on gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planck's 7r t1t4cl4yn*;mo0g/za kabpconstant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant ha. z8afctq*vc1 r2wd7 uh2au:gm :vw /ts a value of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particlebu +9z2f e2+kafdsq-vqyi y 53 that

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accurate statemn9aoc h )+r)twb7 o)womrer10ent?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon depends xm5:h3m:*i. w xt vvmfon

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon isqbsy; jn+8/mdryx) y d7(3m+fo.56ongxm hfx halved, by what factor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energy photonl*faonl rmf.w2*- u1 mu*h1 oss?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is o tnhtvlme +9pltg p/fs5,8i;l/0vo5 explainable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a metaln k3l3k4vqy0 t's surface in the photoelectric effect, tq 3nyk034vkl the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the pt . :k*g jrj 7hh1g(f-uh rhr;+ mmo0i6fys*brhotoelectron depends on which of the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each deliver / :8lg,,hjagvrhj4hethe same power on a surface. For which beam is the n :ha4,vr8hggel,h/ jj umber of photons hitting the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated wi24ies9vu e0tnklt ;g2y3sit5 th blue light and electrons are ejected at a given ru4 eis tyet;k9n stvg02 il325ate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a substance that scately6b xg 5yu63ters the beam in various directions. If we measure the frequency of the scattered X-raysbygle3 6y5xu 6, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incident upon a substance that scatters th m4jl):uhtykqs j j332e beam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we wjqtkj23h4 usym3l)j : ill find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increase in 7lmga0/v6r tf zq6eu8 ao4dq )its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increases, the f ix:u dksme-dc*/mo )0requency of the X-rays s0ecx)so-/* dkmumd:icattered at that angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering a1zn6ue;i 9imv6p9q, 15xvao mx5ougv f g92m yngle produces the greatest change in wavelength92vnegyqu6f v 5 91izomp uavx mo9x;5,6i1gm?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimo6u9w.wpx r nevg554g um wavelength of th95 erxw.6gpnw54v guo e X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes throu1*z (g mlpitsu729dc))j sk5, sn9e7zynhiozgh matter, it is possible for it to interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are produced; this interactip mesdjlhc7g 1 ()i9so59kzu)sz,t2 n ni*7z yon is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels r/es) xysx-xb9y44 mo faster, its de Broglie wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a hi3:tq7/umgdtrho7 , w agher speed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have tn jup9 pbxqa;k1:hq.: he smallest wavelength if they are moving9q;.naxpb 1 hju:p k:q with the same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike natur 46jjf7hpzb-e2y 9x:yec 0j une of a moving baseball is not noticed in everyday life is that-0yhj7 9je:u 64yex2bf pnj cz

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have y mlo7gv (wz;2over a light microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as the lensesl p7g8a 1a4wxm o+/ pe;513c vrixlvpr do in an w1a g x;1vp3 pl4/i5vlo8xrp acm7+r eoptical microscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of "photographing" individua tg+8;bd5 5alr1d ff5bx:i iw)n/spmp l atomn/8x da:p5d+gl;mp iis5 fbb5)tfw 1rs?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the ans 3 kb0cegd:t)gular momentum of an electron aroune :tbg3dsc0)kd the nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumw7/-s n ;lci. ksz1dmaps from an orbit where n = 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogen ato35 xgea6 3bdbnpdh6/lm

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in a hydradq zqhu 5p5dnv3v 423ogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the mosxd8;a3 nmezn l-t:*nja s0 ; tvt;wpc3t intense light emitted by a giant s*3nx-tv:;a 8nd;scn 3mew j lpttz0;atar of surface temperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most intense radiation from an h hcuhm)5 ian- 56r,2 tyzocr2object with temperatu2m, h- haiu)roy5ht6 r2cn zc5re $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photono kwt -ccofu98vjrm 9fd,s06 / with frequency 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with a frequency oflf ;83pskynx81v- sp t 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has energ;n uaj+iz (ael2 i7dm)y $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagukps:*qz, 9 yznetic radiation has an energy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red light having wavefm;i c73yr x z0:su2solength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried by a photon of wa:akqcw) ;b5hkfgo mg.) l+9zm velength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that, h4cb2izqi o: sn9zo6(3ishh the lamp's light is monochromatic and of wavelengtho sso(iqz9 3,c42:ibihhhz6 n $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work funct9c1uj) x(e* grt;/jmu,zwcz kion of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectroz*r,/c1eg (zucwj 9);utkx jmns if the wavelength of light is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surfa9ookoew 4sp;8ce, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the worow;9e kop8o 4sk function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 351qge7suj k-8 l0 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. Whas18kjgq l7-ue t is the threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a x94hbv2kswwt0 up )atw/ n:* yw 6jxtvmf8b59 metal surface, the stopping potential*b6v:s0w/tuhj2y tk9 f8atmnx) 9wxw4bp wv5 of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A monochromatic light is incident on the surface of a metal w7d 1 vbm9x6vqaaq.s m6ith work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent ze 9xavqs.6m1dbqamv 76ro, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Comp h/tdrqm ynbp5s27j :ah,,4rlton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavelength shi :ynhltdr4r7 jsp2,5 mabh/ ,qft?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. 4qpo c)l /+kno/kwe hgo;m*2eThe wavelength shift is observed o;kkgl)4h / pee *q/m2cnoo+w to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays with a waveleng*f gus on*gu,*th of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electrons at 130e. Wha u*so,ufg*g* nt is the kinetic energy of each recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with a ball of masex-02qo+i fyxf7jtu4 ilg07vs 0.50 kg moving with a speeqx -7 e0tfig7vf+x2l4ioj 0y ud of 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the de Broglie wavelength of a ball of mass 20.7 u3m+jsz gyk0 g moving with a speed of 30 zmg kuy+ j.s37m/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave associat7nirkzw)q:je*( c9 fked with an electron moving with a speed of kq(zjnk9r*fe:7 w)ci$2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 15s/ c17bx-) ltkdz1 vvd0 V. What is itsdtkxs cz)/vbdl- 171v wavelength?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is7ugla;6t 86rr h asgcn7nat3 . its waveletn766aargr;3hlts c 7un8.g a ngth?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a p)ax*o)g3 te /9cwjugg 44k.)bzk gxppotential difference of 100 V. What is its momenxg gx.gk39*)4w zp) o/ ejup)ckbga4t tum in $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated byj2czkyq a+5q79 kv.a1bd, ftx a potential difference of 100 V. What is its kinetic ener5ck y jf vda+x,qaq tk9b127z.gy?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg hasch 5uu v*q a;94td/owi a wavelength of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

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An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is its energy inp(km: :c9a drn eV? (This energy n rc:adk9:mp(is not in the relativistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The electron of a hydrogen atom makes5 utsq45 )ujby a transition from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is the w t5)u4uyjqb5s avelength of the emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The binding energy of the hydrogen nsdc kdy-7piey*+ dljb n-+ 83atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What is the energy when it is in the n = 5 yi*8 jldyp c-bsk7dnd n- +e3+state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of energy 12r /g 9ld8:hlib4 c1jst.09 eV. To which slhsd8 lt j4br9: i1cg/tate will the electron make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionizationh .9qazhsqw -uczj/l4n,4)bs energy of the neutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy of singly ionized heli1nast /svk-g8um?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transitionax-owa4. a:no0: sqntlby*r: from state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrog yyxy7 nt fbuy0/*e8/sr1c8tken atom is -13.58 eV. What is its energy in state n = 28y s07 netk/t *r/yybyf xcu81?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The wavelength of a ruby la v ni0w,0/cyqghz.st1ser is 694.3 nm. What is the energy difference between the two energy states involved in laser,vy.ng0 q/tc 1ziw0 sh action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving *jpkq nd1)jhad(as ut 9mv:cdx,8m9a (c ;yv) about a single proton in an orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of thd:jt*sc8vyumdj pn(v;9a ,a)(qm9x )ka1 hc de electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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