Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plczz8e tf;6gu:bspk 2 key+ 40oates, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are emitt+p6ze: t2yu b0sgkze8f4 o k;ced

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an idpe97/jdf )e eneal system that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible sp fs.44i ,-j 0wgpvfpsdectrum is associated with the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a gjl0g f5x9t 4ehd )2qe y0dbss3xgrh 4(iven photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units qt j2uh+ xe1:vof Planck's constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a value oag5 81vwlpbagmydvr(o 09 dp(viy 8,7f

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particlehzo f6dqq5 o+15+ spl h8+aqep that

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an ach8s -bek-85 axjqd v2wdy7u h1curate statement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a phot14wkh jo()zk8pu :sff on depends on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by what factor does its enerm .omccawg9uwc(q+q/nrr ,-( gy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energy photons?(yj1 u/ l;tmvt

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effechd3)f vgn2z 2a :)9g tgellu)o*(ob det is explainable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to ejectgnx3w)81yz:e8qoibv 1t5vi o an electron from a metal's surface in the photoelectric e )o8q3yzv1owxig5ieb v1t :8nffect, the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depend3or x+urhbj/o ;xc,(a u8v*qws on which of the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each deliver kj -rt1 qj5u/) jge3vnthe same power on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitting the surface per second thvkn-et) 1ru3/ jgj q5je greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue light and electrons are kynywr 5+b4.:g.lb:i n-acyn ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the inten-.+byng ynl.riky:45 bc: awnsity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a subngq-t ,n esp17:yzv*tl rn*i-stance that scatters the beam in various directions.vl ,iz*se tqn- n:gry*7n-t 1p If we measure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is inu s*xgkmlf,ahyaf xk dd(7h8/ 78,s.ycident upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of tyu,mkk7f7glsx d*hx y 8 a/,dah8(.sfhe scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, ha3mm) e3mschv: (+bc there will be an increase in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increases,tl.a) 9drauyl qb174t the frequency of the X-rays scattered at that aay1a9ldqt )7b.tu4 rlngle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering angle produceim xadbb 2wr)3bg7r ze )io4q0eftlf,(*c,j3 s the greatest change in wave),)4ea2,f3ef0bbw7 *djlmgz oxi q r3rc b t(ilength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimum wav quysml:2/qw2elength of the m qywl22:/squ X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through maompxfp)y j(.a)/k c6*gqt 4 e*yg5ph7gz 0dvq tter, it is possible for it to interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are pro6)q*h.p5cjptqpxy(a7g4o k )y0g ed*vf/ zm gduced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Broglie wavele e8-z,6xjrnvy5ocmf avi;k17 ngth

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is aq5nv)zr pr/8jccelerated to a higher speed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have the smalle-:wc2x 2 )udadth 3n1hiv7fcfst wavelength if they are moving with the same speed?xudw v hi:fn3f)1-c c22adh7t

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike natumr8pfost0 h+:4uj/4 lr2izbl re of a moving baseball is not noticed in everyday lifmi pz4l / r4lor s8fthu0:+j2be is that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over a lfzxdnl( +12i z/cisf+ight microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as t 6sr1( e6bmjhnhe lenses do in an optical micrn6ms 6(1hbejroscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of "photogr nab5usm15 l30.fa8l wxi /rahaphing" individual atom.fwam8hl5b /as r 3u0x1ni5 als?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an electro9z/e byi3c7dz.2h vgr ;ptr:en around d rz93 tc/ reh:27e.zb;iyg pvthe nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 4 to one whxlvk zmt vr d8d+z;cp6 wo*o9o556kw7ere n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbit radii in ams4y*u6mj: h+6;szz taea wa7 hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in 9ilvr9h fvxzj6;y4g;a6 ku,h a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most intense light emizyx,4dxs2 k4btted by a giant star of surface xbk44z x2,sdytemperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of ij)0 /i*gac .1megjihthe most intense radiation from an object with temperatj/ ghi. *g meaj1)ii0cure $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with frequency 110 Gv )g 4n6r8xalw/eu0 qmHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a photoidli7x-ca:li )+zy+e 5a /dpnn with a frequency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromag2o kz,6 lldzw)netic radiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has an eneri; ruj0;iqn,b+nq4 ss gy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon ene yjgv y3h-.dn*rgy of red light having wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried by a photon of wavelength 660 nm?crydnnk9c*+xdkhyw gh mw3j-j-r )70q7i 0,y

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium35 c12y d8vpn0ado jfu vapor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is monochromatic and of wave p2o1f v a30dj8cdn5uylength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work functif w7g+;m gvksv (i7e2son of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons if the wavelength 2mgw ei77+;svsfkgv(of light is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on ao0h7p7 jsa d(4za /ati metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the 07pojsza(4aht 7dai/work function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on rza,62gy r -xuqx u,i2a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What zura226gx ixr -,qy u,is the threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal sueum,uf* (a),com, lqu rface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of theua*q l,,fuu,o()mc em electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A monochromatic lightp2h n15f6nsfb is incident on the surface of a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what hfp56 2snbf1n is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If the scattering angle in Compton'm u8+6 q:r 6ymcfdrjq0ft r7glx92 9xns scattering is 90e. What is the wavelength shift? uf 20f+qrq69y xj68d :rxm7cnlgm tr9

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. The wrv:eycgl dpjk9,c4o.mm*kfn p)b/ 9- avelength shift is observ)c n9bf 9m-j:pp/ov.l4r ykk ,*ecmdged to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electrons atcno kl1-1p* hu7+j vos 130e. 1o -h1os u+7vlc knpj*What is the kinetic energy of each recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave associqv vky20 a19caated with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a speed of 25 m/sv vc2qay910ak?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelength of a bal2pyvkg0krn8 eo3 ;v: dl of mass 200 g moving with a speed of 30dk:o n e 2;vkrgp03v8y m/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave a qsh aq*r/+ zzi-.-bly50i w- qpaz;abssociated with an electron moving with -b q.5qyh; 0aiazsr-q+z*-lw izbap/ a speed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potential difference o dk v f.o41fx;kv,sku:f 150 V. What is its wav fkx;fo:u1v,kd .k4v selength?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated g+gbr5u,be5m9o -oiap .wds h; t:d2wby a potential difference of 100 V. What is its wavelengt 9drbwo:;,u25 .pgo-+hbgwid 5smeath?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is it n 6q3cwzv17pwfe77u pt.bdx6s momentum i73.76bu ncw1p6wez p xfqdt7vn $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is acceleratedvp)m/s 1a ;7o3ci af-xak1 ugo by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its kinetic energy?a7f/ kiua mx1p3 v-o)ao ;cgs1

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A person of mass 50 kg has a waveleniz(c0omq j37q* 0/ od2 pp)2wkn uda( 0xwfhjvgth of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is its energybce1g /6nj/ ve in eV? (This energy is not in the61bej/cn gv/ e relativistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition from ts+z 9k(w1tn yahe n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength of thksy wn1(taz9+e emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The binding energy of the 3d , n.wo,hdsbxny6+uhydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What is x3h,n + ,dby6ow.n usdthe energy when it is in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a ph4ttjna1/ji c0 oton of energy 12.09 eV. To which stat1jaijttn /0 4ce will the electron make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energype -r .axo,b2m of the neutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy of singly8ua 3 qu,rf9wi4dfbi4 ionized helium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atom2hpvnzbo ur08tx0(s((ulf o*x43 mwd must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -13.58 eV. What is its yp* gwm95ou-v energy in state n = 9w5-*mg yp ouv2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the energy differencao2hx 0dsua5xf fox g47d0b.8 e between the two energy states involved2 fao7 d5aubo dg xhsx04f8.0x in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a singl2mnaswjuf; vn6 -6 1sx0vn( qie proton in an orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of the electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumferea21vv6i snfnj;swm0(-u q6 n xnce of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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