Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of acceleraty tb lnyo/baa j9:g7o/yt0 :t-ing plates, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are emitte/nyb /t :ay97joa l:-tt goy0bd

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal system t d x;:f(rugn.htxnj; 3b;h/sj hat

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the vi0nabv0) s)bbd sible spectrum is associated with the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a given x s9on+qch4 lnlh)r0*photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planck's constant ar+ g+nlem7tyqx1 15or c9p+ hnee

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a y ,pp51ydd,61gb5 ommw )np kgvalue of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a partic vwc+8 w5l6uozs2if9cle that

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following bury* ,/bhdq-y/l*oksz 7su( is an accurate statement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon depends ow2f)8lq t2 azfn

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, o o:a ftdj 0wy,y5 *fp.j.k;djby what factor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energy oao 4fkkdfp, zsk v6(:(1r:oxp;wdy / photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is zqcr(r409zrbcntm1 2 explainable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a metal's surfacjme: 8*6u zeo.g: 7rlrhg-fete in the photoel:u-f e7ggr l*e 6 .moz:8hrjteectric effect, the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the psfum nvy b*y -*cf6w0;hotoelectron depends on which of the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet lipcz+*k4 iua1iq7 ja)+xjk 59yv jq(xhght each deliver the same power on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitting the surfavxc j+qxaj5 jih 47i9(+*)1qakpu yz kce per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue light and electrons are ejectedqwx) 4pho(g y: at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intwqx:o4 hy)(p gensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a subsi9n:6j1-zr/y o y fllmtance that scatters the beam in various directions. If yz1y m6-io/:rnf ll9j we measure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavele lvmx4h+1q8w3rr . jqingth l is incident upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we j1 4hqwv3xrlm.+ r8iqwill find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an elew.f( n -p)ifxmctron, there will be an increase in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering anglzdo fd2d2 z3:be increases, the frequency of the X-rays scat: 2dob3zddfz 2tered at that angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experimev:4h3v 1er h4 b5zntxjnt, what scattering angle produces the greatest changhr 4htx5z3enjv1b4v: e in wavelength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, thep.;z chl ;i s7)*yvcyz minimum wavelength of i c7z;csyp*)zy lhv.; the X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible for icwnkb8 ol8:;w t to interact with the matter in such a way thao nl8 :w8kwcb;t an electron and a positron are produced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Broglie wavef4v (+ rwuykmd z842le4kl5ca length

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a higher speed, therg z) un2s9hr/;us9dv ke is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to havegd g*5pym yb/qc7r(, h0ne eynik/t12 the smallest wavelength if they are moving with the same1pyi,* /(nqyegn7htm /bc gd 0yr2e5k speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nat i.x*)jv82jnkau ,spa ure of a moving baseball is not noticed in everyday life isxj,kn. ) vja8u2i p*sa that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over a light mf31hd 0e it ry,vm(rc7icroscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that placzk dw46qt) ,gys the same role as the lenses do in an optical microscope )k, z cw46gtdqis

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capablqgd9p x464oz kyeve n+t;oh/ut81+ok e of "photographing" individual atomsqt 1v96zk xt d e ;yop4/ekuh4+n8og+o?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of 2b.fqcb21 bpf an electron around the np 2b.cbf f2qb1ucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit wh)5+ckxv: s njhere n = 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogen ato 8laij s1(y j(j3xm9ism

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent or u8w4cn2ha8fpbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding 6d (n8yo;0pcjx+miivto the most intense light emitted by a giant star of surface i6+0cxnd(;8j pmoyvitemperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most int gvd28jx3xbz. ense radiation from an object with temperatu2dx.zv8b gj3x re $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with frequency 11ojos6 *es v/g4:k/kkq0 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with a frequ gk7l35ey/loc4 dd;i rency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radz3p: . c9ymhiyiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has an energy of 58r; b2g5;r9r 1m5;gw lzyhancu.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red l8mdjrqpd2 fdx 1 qo+xq29tj6+ight having wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in jo9zap6n,3 javs- bdt y5ules, is carried by a photon of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vav(r37mxw7l pmy8hj8q8 a y9j ppor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is m hr mwa3v8yxymp(p7j 78 9lq8jonochromatic and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kinetic enl.iy ;vw;i88swkl2n y ergy of the photoelectrons if the wavelength o2 i.8 ;8y;l vklwnwyisf light is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surfawxqytt+i*8 *-ycny o 0ce, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eo- *twi8 y*+ytyqcn0xV. What is the work function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, th1ev7: qd-tq*m* vjcexe stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold vec* xj7vq-d:qt*1 m efrequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is inc4z:tvcdd3g r l vba2/.ident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the ma 2 rz3.t:/cdvb4l gvdaximum kinetic energy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the pkl x5x+v;fp *surface of a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelenp +k ;v*xplf5xgth of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scatterie- tjkja b.27lng is 90e. What is the wavelength shift tj.a-7eljb k2?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metar c*7434kb:pxb*l bd2 vy xztlem4eszb(53 axl. The wavelength shift is observed to * 34eyxbb pkb3mrbd7tv5 xl s cxl(*4aez:24zbe
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electrons at i6*+lw5i ls gl2wl/tw130e. What is the kinetic energy of each rewll/* sw+li56twg i2l coil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with a ball of mass 0.: j+ m3zn2nahofv/98:b,ev o wg nw3bn50 kg mov9b: :g+fm3v,zow on3 av n2wh/jnb ne8ing with a speed of 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglc 12 v-c2e,v h,2zcok4bk grtpie wavelength of a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed ofh2o12 v4k g pvect-c,kcbr2 z, 30 m/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the 2hyh gkqe(a7oka 9j.3matter wave associated with an electron moving with a h27k9qag.keay3 hj o( speed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated th b y92,ul4 wz1dgfk)vjk:ho n7rough a potential difference of 150 V. What is its wavelen1),zy: 2fkgdl 4 b unvkho7w9jgth?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential 7xgsxi9o .sl,jrhqt2f80 y j1difference of 100 V. What is its wavele72 0 g,frhtyiqx19 o8jlsxsj .ngth?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

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An electron is accelerated by a 134tsv -.5flyw y uontpotential difference of 100 V. What is its momentum14tot .3v-ulf5n s ywy in $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

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An electron is accelerated by a 2 yb;q4*u9zke7 tkbuqpotential difference of 100 V. What is its kinetic uqebt*u297qyb4kk ; zenergy?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg has )i1a 5q kl3pp:2ox nnoa wavelength of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

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An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is its energy in eV? (Tv(w f-jf;h+l nhis energy is not in the relativl(w fj nhv-+f;istic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrog;q yvs;61s 4zhi (dxej(*ltu gen atom makes a transition from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength of the e ;;(xd* hujzq (yslsvg1t64ei mitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy of the hydrogenk y d.cufeo76td0 tk74 atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What is the energy when it is in the nd4te ykudc 0.t7 6k7of = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the g 4++0anxf+6l w-1vmaefin4f 8vdma ppround state absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. To which state will the electron make a trans a 1 lmaf+ f-af pwvdi4m04n+pe8xn+v6ition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energy of the netg2myt5gd4e y low) 3ejl *v7v.8ce3butral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of singly ionized hh; w1rwxed :q1s6yue1 elium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

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In making a transition from s3/ .qo8pygk2 be s* xig.a(kps:xi.cy tate n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hy(y8,lwd-oaj 5mr7 m5j dn;req drogen atom is -13.58 eV. What is its energy in state n =; q(ld n5j, 7d 5r8werm-ymjoa 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a g)yqy78 hfx y dnj:5fup ay-*1fs t5o0ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the energy difference between the two energy states invo5tn71 yf8f-u5gy:fa py0*dy q )jos xhlved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single proton in an orbit characterized by n = 4*s bxgil ,u) ;q5qzr2d. How many of the electron's de Brogq,z li)x;s*bqd5gur2 lie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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