Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of acceleratinwwf-ife: a;x (83dhdt g plates, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are d ;8f3wi: txf-(ehdawemitted

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal system t8yp*8ki6vq )2p y5ix74szlwdr;q ew that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is asph;54wm+n ry2zi2a98 whyif dsociated with the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to fredsxc o:mm; s;+quency for a given photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI unitz :zzcq+.cfima,*u *ns of Planck's constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a val5/jb- .dwhjg*4qzdof ue of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle 8 ixph,/ f ,9oiw)vstmthat

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accurate siw6k-r h yyt*80o:fq1 lm0ol statement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a phottv3 vuqk+,i m zn,)e6xon depends on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by ld5)ut7v)nm+xv2bka 8f0vrj what factor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has hdq22h rj5 /x4doq rf(the lowest energy photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect iuz8fpkli;q-h:2b;y hw* oje :v(1jgt1eo: ins explainable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electlxs 6, f0q9bdtron from a metal's surface in the photoelectric effect, the pho9bs0xqf6d , ltton's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of.fbu/ ghfrccd5f y8he:s77e7 the photoelectron depends on which of the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each deliver the same power on3k4wqb (wtfn2 tx;jm ld(5kuuxl(x 54 a surfacutmxw(lxf 55jw l(; 4nqbu4d(k kt23xe. For which beam is the number of photons hitting the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue ligvksl)2 *cm*ca7xh+fz )f 6yymht and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy.x*af 7mlc6+*vsfz c2y)) kymh If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon sv us3 -m9tk8ca substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measurv 3s9cs8uk -tme the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incidee bgn-1ruxgz/9j 6ef9 nt upon a substance that scatters the beam in gg9z1e rjxb/- 6 u9nfevarious directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increek-a;xxzgg9 +edn)r9eaw f : 7ase in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increases, the u4-.rnklt-u- w/b 4)fx qxkqt frequency of the X-rays scattered at that anx. -/ wt 4kr-qbu -)nfx4lutkqgle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scatgjj/daw* 77vcignwz 7ft91t 7tering angle produces the greatest change in wavjgf j 9aczv /w 7i7td7gn*1wt7elength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, thg6*e ;6(ydw1aqyrfpz -vn gf )x*8vvb e minimum wavelength of)g;qx-v*6npdgwv( yv1ff yeb r*8 z6a the X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible for it 4nh44uvqdmblv -2/l+ji /ks7du/jfdto interact with the matter in sm4ukj- i7/d d/dlv s +bjfqu/vn lh442uch a way that an electron and a positron are produced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Broglie wavt:pl*z/a cv8bz)do3m elength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a h2hgul8ww6lw p8 q3 x-gigher speed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have the smallest wavel1*:pyj ;z0qzm qwjx9uength if they are:q;upj*zmxz 0jqw 1y 9 moving with the same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving baseball is not noticed ivxb inpu .fd:0i yf:6,n everyday life is tb0:x y6f:. npiiu,fd vhat

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron mika)h 6lhykd 6dlu7,2wno *r.ocroscope have over a light microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as the lenses do i jhj x7q3ld(hzgw(z: ;n an opt;hh(:l qzjzdx 37jwg (ical microscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscwaoin 6/z f wl.t0v:1e s9zgq+opes is capable of "photographing" individual atomsligqzv 6o 0+z:1. 9tef/swnwa?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an elc 2cbtdff:x**ectron aroun* x2* cf:tbfcdd the nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an az, w ux)sk9l0orbit where n = 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orb hh;6*ifth/c,7t fyo qit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii+6aaeovwmlcg -c5 ow,(i5e)b a*eaqu,i3 7r p in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most int s 0t)oero,u7lense light emitted by a gianl e,7tr0oos)u t star of surface temperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most intense radiation from an object wkxse5sh ht(36) j shj 2jxn63wek9 1kh5yl2m eith temperature kw j5)lse(2233 kx they9jn 1hje6hsx5sm6hk$100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a +;wd hc-o2na4 ylj5 srphoton with frequency 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carl45vpd qvog2f (zqrx0x da;2: ried by a photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiatio; smi* s- :o0t:crmwgnn has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has an ener4exei2qrg7) a 2*rq5e+c xtfggy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red light havinx3 qewxk9*nv9il n8q )ix0.oh g wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joul e76zvslf xeg6y0f6l9es, is carried by a photon of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor la*gsy:mvgsd;*o+ey: ol(d wx3mp? (Assume that the lamp's le*g3 :mdxd+l o:gs*swvo ;y( yight is monochromatic and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find thknh)pic;5 /gtkx -*xhe maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons if the wavelength of lightc kxp)g;-h/xkinh* t5 is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incid)kxede-/bcy grc.w* (7c5 s qjent on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of c(dby5k 7cw. *ej-q/gsxce) rthe metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the ubb o. t rd+c7h 2ql0(znvx 5p.o6cx2jstopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold frequn2q p(t .60.vobr5 u7blx2xodccz+hj ency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surfa3 (x9s-u teqrco9qhm-ce, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is-omhtqcseru39 xq9- ( the maximum kinetic energy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the sq1wu23sw 9 nixq9, gbuurface of a metal with work function 2.50 , ux3b21 wsi9gqq nuw9eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scattering is 90e. W.:f hd05 tfzm5g zc8nthat is the wavelength shift? gztf c55.h8f tnmd0z:

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. The wavei+f ypl -o+e+zlength shift is observeoe+p+yifl- +z d to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scattered b9 gz3(d6 g3aognv f*auy free electrons at 130e. What is the kinetic energy gz6(*agv 39n3auf dg oof each recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wavpkq7asj +fy67sj(sh9tu.9iq1 o6f eje associated with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with aqo j+ psthq(a.i9196fsu7j ye fs7j6k speed of 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelength ofx bbj3lc2sruv08)5 ir a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed of x5 8vb2cjib)lsr30 ru 30 m/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with an electron modu8oa+ wov1 -mving with oaw1 du- v+8oma speed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

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An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 150 V. pu sxg5or: xd(fj*s45What is its wavelengt*(dus5x4 opfrsg :j 5xh?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What we epkb+u+e2 en 4+fn1is its waveu2n+ ee41peknw ++bef length?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

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An electron is accelerated by a po 4;7ds daio1nne bqd:1qgk ,9ttential difference of 100 V. What is its momentusoeq 1a4din7 t9:knq,1bd; d gm in $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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Mark Problem

60#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its k +t4v-x,ecmkqk1s2 i yinetic enerte,xk cs-k 1im +42qyvgy?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 eu*zg-b m +m2mkg has a wavelength of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

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An electron has a wavelength ftz(b4 50 shs 47ayccwwig44 bz sm:u-of 0.123 nm. What is its energy in eV? (This energy 4z(gfc ywt5s0u sw h:4babmc7i s44-z is not in the relativistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n = 5 state tuqzz +x6g rc3kq9mr bfw9) 4,jo the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength of the emitted pqj9mcz6 wxb r3u4k,)r9fgz q+ hoton?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 e50t)vl8 ptkpsh o, vnj4 m(t/pV. What is the energy whenj0lh pt(,tot pn8/s kv5 mv)4p it is in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the ground stak j616j 6tipicte absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. To which state will i6t166kp jijcthe electron make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energw q l:g6e4jm)6vn. txc2ne5d ny of the neutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of singrwkotjw7:e ibv . 4x:3ly ionized helium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

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In making a transitiyd+d rzj c/ mgg wxy1(ms2 -lu3)::ncjon from state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

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In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -13.58 eV. What is 3o08 g rdamqs6its energy in sta6q 3g0rodsam 8te n = 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby laser is 9 fx.cxiu na,3694.3 nm. What is the energy difference betweenn,i 9c.uxf xa3 the two energy states involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a sing0 s:qz*nlazps;x g 6q8g+r .kule proton in an orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of the electron's de Broglie wavele0ql. g8;r*x uszp6:kqzg +n sangths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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