Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating platedvq4fip gvc8m)z9a5)/ 1ais*u x oo/ gs, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are emitt5v8 mpo*1ii/au/cq zd9gv fsaox )4)ged

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal system thatqx.fl 3r : g4-c0mbkut

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrlh c;p84js xp scg,i1 xj9b4s:um is associated with the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a given photon gilp) tgo oqg*67ves

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI unimk0heo-q+s jyvdy s94r j.*4fts of Planck's constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has/oc+bt8 tp lnhfn 0/85- y+boocr1umu a value of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle tp 2 no.jzh m4,hycc2p:hat

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an ,pt )j 1+lrz8*aou gawh(gy7baccurate statement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon depq5b 1xba0y-n fends on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by what factor d qmfysalv t 431z(u7/hoes its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energy+p ycwzl4r c2g,0c +de9o8mn*cze 4dp photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explall3 sv5+gjp xk ) u,tefxz6j*gc:k3w:inable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a metal's surfacehu:vg *yel*c 7 in the photoelectric effect, u* vy7gc: ehl*the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends on which ornf/:+a 3p; mfmyqy;uf the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each delive9kil8:pjubqm9 .v og3r the same power on a surface. For which beam is the numbevp8 .9 mjik:bu3gl 9qor of photons hitting the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue light and electrons are ejectedih 8iutbz7+w9 k y e9s/s(p0do5mcoh4 at a given rate each with a certain ask9o8ztp +(d owc45 h9uihi70ym/e bsmount of energy. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a s10w,,pznd dbfubstance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we md0pfndb, zw, 1easure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is inci7dxfp t0p 7jw3dent upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of 77wfpjdp x0t3the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increahmg.;f; ew 5sbse in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increases, the frequency r /)(yv+sposg j :x/dggz.pd9 of the X-rays sc9zg+xpdg/y p )s./vrso( dgj :attered at that angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering angle produces the greatest hc ppb6.gf+4bjhmgr3wx p03: ch:+ghc mjbh6 p3p0b gr3.wpfx4ange in wavelength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimum wvvsj n* c;7 h9wfm) cbnckq,:/avelength ov7f :c vq)mwnn/bkcjsch*,9;f the X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible fo /:mb dfc;ryu q;/pc-nr it to interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are produced; this interapcrm;b/dy u /q ;cf:n-ction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels /zy52.vvhkohzso9 c7c79 brn c8s8xjfaster, its de Broglie wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a higher speed, there is a decrease i2huigomefyht- ,x;d3q+ne )d (2dz2 yn its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have thb8w (q6v c)tbee smallest wavelength if they are moviqt6(v cbw 8be)ng with the same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike naturzfi. , svt( +s)skb.xse of a moving baseball is not noticed in everyday lss+s(. sbz)t vxk,.f iife is that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electr ;g5dji tr6u+g;yur9ton microscope have over a light microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as the lelw mf:tsj(c05t s: of7nses do in ansf :o7f5w (lcttsj: m0 optical microscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of "photographing" indivhbf.gk0pme8 k9 3; wbuidual atoms; 0mf.u pkehk8 bw3g9b?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr mo9)lywv y6pg1 ;ck90 g8norykmed:t n(del of the atom, the angular momentum of an electron aroun9pt)gyyec0ko m(nd:gkl wy ;96 v 81nrd the nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumpp0n -ix:8ypgbo5tba6ym hm7l q i9-g;s from an orbit where n = 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjad22k40t;vlsu apx r 96fraxz4cent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radin* nkc- o;m6nwi in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength correspo;pbcqvo9+rw u.alr2 6nding to the most intense light emitted by a giant star of surfa+6auq v;l9.ob2cr rwp ce temperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the fiwzpqjnx 24 i8v93.tmost intense radiation from an object with temperatur4f3izxnt. 9v p8qji2w e $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon witv 41adgi r;jc-,x; pith frequency 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carriedh1up v)kp a,y8 by a photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation h 4 ;bb2 acylp6jb,0f ulgbp5w4as energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has an energy of 58.1 meVv d) ,mnj9+nzfc5ahx ,?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red light having wavelengt;9a wn4cdv,vq h 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried by a photon6 uq;5sy nvc 95scyw8a of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume thaggb +n1cde;rr5pw jc/50e7vjt the lamp's ligw 1g55e/0;bp cgjcev j+r rn7dht is monochromatic and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum84cfm dw vng05 kinetic energy of the photoelectrons if the wavelength o5 8n0wmdv4g cff light is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stoppinaf en; );wrzu u918ldcg potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the metal;9a e )cfu 18zuwn;ldr?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 d8(vh+yxa7k cn, e;jn nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the8an7 eyvhd;jnck(,x+ threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal rz2t:g+ptxc*9x1m wd6, y ov asurface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrowpomrv9 xxcazy:t ,*d g6 +2t1ns is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A monochromatic light is incident on the surface of;w rvk kb:d7xa u3*)st a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required )asx3w;t u:vrbk7kd * to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle ixx gdq,:(xc.akkemo0ap 1 8w;n Compton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavelength shift?;q.k cxaw 1 ,8m kgox:pxde0(a

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength uge-x nn4zg430.20 nm are scattered by a metal. The wavelength shift is observed to g gue3nxzn4-4be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays with a wavelength ne0qmv)q ho 9kf378 aeof 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electrons at 130e. What is the kinetic energy of each h8qn e3)m79 0evkoa qfrecoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave assoc xwl,8r;q cl1riated with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a speed of 2c8rlxwl,; 1rq 5 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelrdeuzlzi3f4d-7ut(6t(+v k)rr ug )f ength of a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed of 3r g(z )t746u3dt+k-ulfdrvezirf) u( 0 m/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength vy0a6/ 9hd yfqb7 sq1nof the matter wave associated with an electron moving with a b/a ysv90qhdy6 f1n7qspeed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 150 V. What isiq3 h5 2eoi kqcb.1.un its wavelength?obqei..h21 q3 knuc5i

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is .rp,xc:* 1b hzdrv;dfits wavelength?:pv d ,r;cz1f dh*br.x

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. 4ezvl2blk8((,)yq +xyt j t2fr (zslj What is its momentum iryl ye(q+jb sl8 2zl2kf(4(t)jt,xvzn $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its kinb d-*rhn z:. wm(v:k reek*rd*eticen dbkw rr*rhd z:*k-e* mv.:( energy?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg has a wavelength of1gkoek zr6a ugl 71/5ggkax6- $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a wavelen*y 62;vgyghrs gth of 0.123 nm. What is its energy in eV? (This energy is not in the relatiys h*6 ygv2g;rvistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n = 5 state to the n1 cjyq 5shp6+r = 2 state. What is the wavelength of th 1spcy+6jh r5qe emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -1xzvfk j*kn76 fd+v1d )3.6 eV. What is the ene n +vjd71fkd xf*6zk)vrgy when it is in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorb4 1iq5kf/2x uft3uqspz6g+ v rs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. To which state will the electron makez6f+i352x ftk 1u/qqu gspv4r a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energy o :o4 9es20*ki3miptx+7 amzygzu8usl f the neutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy ozq 0 i,i3yg-av.kcx7cf singly ionized helium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from state n =r.cy 2szv witfd0t2 q),mb6 b0 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom :v1xgxtkmqu p1f( 0w/is -13.58 eV. What is its energy in state nt/(0kpx fgwmxqv1u : 1 = 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The wavelength of a ruby laser is 69j+wt26vx2cjjg - *bjl *fk 0ok4.3 nm. What is the energy difference between the two energy states involved in laser ag*j oj0kjwc *t f6+l2b2jvx-kction?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single proton in an o pla+jtemi2;)4*y fgdrbit characterized by n = 4. How many of the electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference o); i*dtgj+ l2m4 epfayf this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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