Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plates, such as fx eg( :qh:gqc,ound inside a CRT, the electrons are eqg c,h: g:(exqmitted

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal system f1xyf /gmm5e1ezdvs*m7j u, 2that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated with the lowest: nsq lcek v eolt).12/:ee+tv temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequenctncb6+(9e*a 0 fcks6z - r;ixlc bqpm:y for a given photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planckxotle,iscuvj5 yf1r-8l he m0*iw ;3*'s constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has* /x(3hh(p bzve;ppzg a value of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle thatg6l ,fohbg7-x

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the followingudk v;of 1h0ad5o0w.ba8 uv2l is an accurate statement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon xf.s/ ma)kduer /lzf */e2ypxu 5 mi6/depends on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by what factor d4e rto2;xsj/ ooes its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light hax6z b8qt p8n qd33:mlgs the lowest energy photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explainab+/upwj7o c0s nle assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron h*(7a6i5pzrg 9emu by from a metal's surface in the photoelectrica*bmp g r9y6(uei7z5h effect, the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends on which of thvugx zw )a+/e7.v g(1qiwnc-ce following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each deliver the same poidjj 1z.(5f(9idyi-3uy h gsg wer on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitt hyd9jsfi iz3gu ij g(y5d(.1-ing the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue liggvzf+ (96il.x/(8q :kszgyoefq+u afht and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity ozzfs i.v 6uo q+(xe(/afgfy8gkq+l: 9f the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is in h gl,p7;r2pcecident upon a substance that scatters the beam in vpr;72l h,cepgarious directions. If we measure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incident upon a sbj9 24j +uu se(mpx2nr :okt/jubstance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we wis kjubm2:t n9xo/p+jrue4 2(j ll find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered *-j9.hr zi jogfrom an electron, there will be an increase in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle 64r6tz6gpx5 tb9aknoincreases, the frequency of the X-rays scattered at that an56k o9atgz6x64pnbt r gle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering angle kc9ewi a /w7i z()dl3o,hi cp)produces the greatest ch) ac9zchdie( 7iwp/) l, oiw3kange in wavelength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimutro g)d q 6nesrf.(x5no:nd54m wavelength of.rondns56 x(dr)e qofn4gt:5 the X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible for it to inti c of bvlqffn6(z3+6c,76nvzeract with the matter in such a way that an6z6 zbvlvc3fo 7nc,i( f f+q6n electron and a positron are produced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de 3v)uaiecl9bkxthd96 (5 pa(xBroglie wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is k s bt(/tqts)w,7o:whaccelerated to a higher speed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following adfiavbxbs-o+bucen6 2x 7+h*6i)u1 would tend to have the smallest wavelength if they are moving with the same speedob )h-v7i*c2b une ada x xfs+61i+6ub?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving baseball is not o;afb:1;-juh/p ncls noticed in everyday life iunjsl of1c; :;hb/p-a s that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron mi1d0i: uztzspw 6wo5c*j;t(llcroscope have over a light microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as the lenses do;z*(j hucmk s5 in an optical5ukcmj*s (;hz microscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microsco55ozl )lv/l znp1kf:tctrcq 9-zah0 - pes is capable of "photographing" individual atomsph01llc -n zrz z:lt-/ )vac59t 5foqk?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an e 2/ 4svz8kfx:f;ykvrflectron around the fzf;v kxfs4 v/2k8:ry nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 4 to one where n 0pochgiuf p91 ,09ay b= 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbitnquqcy6:) )-ex 0nhm p radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in a g 1cev*b0mc1 7)wplhphydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding 7fe hrugl m8,i*c g8o50ubf5zto the most intense light emitted by a giant star of surface temperature 50lcze 7i8rff hgbgu 0o5 8,*m5u00 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most inf -pj /j+/q sq4yhet6otense radiation from an object with temperaturey4 p/o6t/e fhqsjj+-q $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by ag.u9th ujgou0*p e,o )*ff.uul b .4jl photon with frequency 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with a frequsox np.-c t(klrb0q)31 wqxb1x 2b hg4ency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagneticbo xv8 32fqw.n6i5sne radiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of el3ece7v0 zomch,t. s p8ectromagnetic radiation has an energy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy 2 tbs.ld;n5mj(oww ),.iflq l )y rng,of red light having wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried by a photon of wavelength 66e7lp+znoefjxw1*9ps q:* mvhe1 c-k /0 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photonbs/0 ,)ms nd9( hjugbp 5wqa ,uhqq/2xv 0y.kxs emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is monochromatic and of wh9 w/sja 25 (dmx0.)pguuy,qqnh,b/ks bvxq0avelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the:ixuw)pzren,k,nwv+no93 c 3,qmv . x maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons if the wavelength of light z.+,uxq,:kvpie mnxon3w9 )n wcr,3v is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the6k ea7mujn1 b:mra 82pe-pwt. stopping potenti-u m6awr:jmbpnk8t e71a2ep .al of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is ififr,to8weqw5(0- ryncident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. Whaye( 8-i0rrtwf ow ,fq5t is the threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is;aaic 2my- ij/ incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energjaayc2 ;i-/miy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A monochromatic light is incident on the surface of a metal wa- r- wmha 6osoek+c;;ith work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength ofrsmha ew6o a;co;k--+ light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If the scattering angle in Compton's scattering is 90e. What w0w5 hs b3pbcq;j*b +uc)fl4d is the wavelength shiftw5; udccbwj+p)qb lfh34s0b *?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. Th2hmcif8oftylo fi)9u rwm 3u3:3q 20he wavelength shift is observe fftmcqiwoiu3o32)ym :u8lh3 h2 0fr9d to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scom2 ,trzs34kq8hwyu6xob 5 6 uattered by free electrons at 130e. What is the kinetic energy of eacyo or8wt3xq62 4uz ub6k,ms h5h recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with ap;s d4- jise32dx-ev s ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a speed of 25 m3e-xj4s ev p; d-d2ssi/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the de Broglie wavelength of a ball of mass 200 g moving wil3 thb3m/6iodfo,u++wbh+z gy l /df 1th a speed of 30 1,/i+ 3gbud3l6 tfh lmowhz +fodb+y/m/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave ark-ws xert.nb)78aratre+/ y+ b 3i6zssociated with an electron moving with a speebt)e 8 e6+xbz w+nkr3ri/tr.7a- ryasd of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potentialc)b v).uy4 r,(xnok sz05xjlr difference of 150 V. What is its wavelengtr ( k lbj.novx04sur)c)z,5yxh?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential v 4 .(dazhow7pnx*j*gdifference of 100 V. What is its wavelengt*o ghpz*dj xv7. 4an(wh?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated )wh7iwshovcwi1-ak2c (d 4l8 by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its momentum ic-v1 8 )sdoiw il7w2cah(h k4wn $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a pot1 b1 ;k gw4dljnc/cxmoe3 dga,9v*jm3ential difference of 100 V. What is its kinetic energy ;w*jvc ,4 g/bmgcnm3e 9oa1jxk1ddl 3?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A person of mass 50 kg has a wav -n(b(lkgp9m-*:yih cc e;rj/on,jhvelength of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is its energy in eV8eq0c7eye3 wa+u xnf 1? (This energy is 1yqee an80c7f +exu3w not in the relativistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition b,d;6zkl nn l5 u/mzi-from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. Whai5 zkbul nn /m,6d;z-lt is the wavelength of the emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state igmxwb; u+; wj976i 6onm/leli s -13.6 eV. What is the eb6 l6+9mjem;n; 7iogw lx/w iunergy when it is in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A hydrogen atom in the ground statbg0war- +kyoo1 +5ztne absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. To which stozwn +-rao5g kt10yb+ ate will the electron make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization eneryv .h93-opxg. kkyd ;ogf+zf;gy of the neutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy of singly ionized heliu ts wf v9w-(, m576dq(uf(ozkk rv+hltm?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydropmvo 9if, wv(zo-8v1dgen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -13.58 eV. What is its enea.r d2pdvc*a/rgy in stat/ad .c*r2vdpa e n = 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the energ vo,bwc1o)v i(y difference between t(vc)ob v, w1oihe two energy states involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single proton in+v yj9 hsjw/3fmd7i n02o+b02/ (gpqsshowld an orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of the electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit 02/f3 is2wj0ydhvj+hnsqs m 9 blpo7o w+ d(/ginto the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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