Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plates, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons1*7w wxt/5gf (jobpq g are emiqbtgo(1*g5 7wjx/pfwtted

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal systef20rhwa l o/8qm that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated with the rqlo,q)5g-j p4au2rwiyag / ,lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a gf5,xcj9ce;c p iven photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of s; yb 0hvyk8h0Planck's constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a value moh; c(:cdfyi+8/eih of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particleutsyntxn a8 h ,s ud.mk:wf(72)6x,rp that

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accurate statnen/ x,9)u 8d) 2ixjbcwhekp *t.*z lfement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon depeux1z-qcp a6.o nds on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by what factor does its a dvgg+7.n/on s.: l-nsh d.ozenergy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has tj ;q oz(nnl /p(6sr)yshe lowest energy photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is expl0y+ vg/iv hf(yp-wl) i,qd6 myainable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a metal's surface in the phonb u z5lc d8ol)gi0o;j*s03mr toelectric effect, the photon'od nbjc*oz)ri 3u8l0gs0 ;5lms

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends on which os7erwdo nwd2) cui4i:20v/ 8cgf+ rfyf the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light ea;:bc8g y.f xvqyci .t,y5:lyc ch deliver the same power on a surface. For which beam isy . 5t.vxgib 8cy:lc,yf :yq;c the number of photons hitting the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with bsi 0- 4xzdgik2lue light and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy.s0i4g2zd- xik If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a substance thatd ws19wv.h )tl scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the frequency of the scatteredvws)h 9d.l1w t X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incident upon a substance that;5ge :w+s cgeshi dui gx*wt b10,o/0c scatters the beam in vasiw:bgdc 5he, 0gsiwocug 0 ; e+*1tx/rious directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increase in itt*/t(fdoz4 f h 9a4bdzs

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as th6m r7o,e r i q(mo5fwo .kkvvr:j:u*c4e scattering angle increases, the frequency of the X-rays scatterrwviuo5*vk re7coj, (6: :4mm rokqf.ed at that angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering exper q av6br 1cgn/op+i*5a*ngvn2iment, what scattering angle produces the greatest change in wa pnb6a*1gn+ */rgqav5n i2ocvvelength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltaguzp -0ba k-yub 6qz(:le in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimum wavelengthkby(zuzqp60b - ul a-: of the X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible for it to interact with t1zx /1cxdscg7 d )lz9the matter in such a way that an electron and a po c)z79lx ds c/z1d1xtgsitron are produced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Brogl+t;kpn .t 6rosie wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a higher speewrot z4h e sc0 rk)p/95.cs6wgd, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have the smallest wavelength if thet3 kg hj ;*y)05i) snfmey)vgay are movingy)*ify)h) svt 50gme3ag ; jkn with the same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving baseball is not noticed in everyda8d3sb ia o6 gjb15fq75b xie7my life is thats7 b8af 5bbx 5jeq3omid17i6g

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over a light microscotk :jlnqf8(:w b/j8 giz-kjx .pe?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as the w3 rvt2c:l4xa3;(q iizv l9thlenses do in an optical microscop;2lz:htv3 ta i3( r4vi9qxlwc e is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of e,g30gyir v:*zu+cb uj0t5 uz"photographing" individual atoms? yu0*iczu,zb:0egj5rtg3vu +

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentumhc+unl1xh q*4 of an electron around the xhlqhn 1u c*4+nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where n i5v4o7;0*unv qcwgw .d cnkt7= 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbit radii jju5mmcac*; r)sq3z h/ gx ;-hin a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between atqf;o) b d,j,s.bkk9 :b xmtp-djacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most intenwmhp,y6 4,uma0v 4fvh em,q v i6:+zmpse light emitted by a giant star of surfqh+zv ,upe 4i 0mavmvw646,,ypm :mhface temperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most intense radiation from an /xyk)pq2fng b vf ybrpt8vsz9s(4/ :9+v/foxobject with temperatuf49:yozrvb tsp2px9/q sfg f+/vb/ 8(ynv)kx re $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with frequen967(f (kyw rtu0 rsplacy 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is cah303bwbq ) ympcjn(o ,)* uoixrried by a photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnet8,s gwitf yh+-+ zp.iuic radiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of elemjmys -wv6 c7u(,z7qsctromagnetic radiation has an energy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon enew.)zj9kl nr pure u33 ky+.bh:rgy of red light having wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carr88n kcyu;e; iasn: ,fs1h2yukied by a photon of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assumeh0, z rsomi 79go:pd(ko;r/be that the lamp's light is monochromatic o :imk7rho9sgp0be /o ;(r, dzand of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Fi *uls e0 6omjnlhvr4mn 3+vj(/nd the maximum kinetic energy of the photoel sm n/ml 0( hje6vvnr3+j4*uolectrons if the wavelength of light is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal s-y0p9oazctas,/c s f .urface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the fstzo9 - a ps/y.a0,ccmetal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 35+ (.id.sqc a wxy3-43 wxgdzks0 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold freqy gx3dqc x.d .ww(3zka-+4i ssuency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stoppim2ps nd8k4mf .fy2wd3fjs :xy*00 jshng potential of the photoelectrons iskn*wj8f0 f 2djmf:m0 hx324d yp .ysss 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the surfasv3 pt* l82drhv,*6grc adn8 db1c.kbce of a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stoptd s3h1crd bvcbp2lv 6g8n*k*a8. rd,ping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavelength skc2z;yd8p+ apau1e 5q*eaqn- ha kez+ 1qau-y5dp8;*qp nc a2eift?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal.i q2ib)h7dgx b)/kfk1i)0m jant (5uq The wavelength shift is obse gnh)2qk7md1qjkbti)ia0u 5 fxb /) i(rved to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a waveleny. amiz;rpl7m* e qej;7fyd)tui x, *0gth of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electrons at 130e. What is the kinetic ener efy a,;iy*u x7qjeir*;t0 dm.pl)7zm gy of each recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated w-f 8zbuuco. cdx8 cf5:ith a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a sxccdu:f c z5b fu.8o8-peed of 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the de Broglie wavelength of a ball of mass 200 g moving with a spx9h6mar/ g3rew880v7 tz4y k ay dug,k:st f:ueed ofm3rtswx y,h 8ga/: : tzk0durf8 vuyk7ae6 g49 30 m/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wa/gd g4i.yg: akve associated with an electron moving with a speek. yg/g:gd 4aid of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

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An electron is accelerated through a potential difference qn5 e4o lp, hivbb+w2lt).5wtof 150 V. What is its wavelvol,h wtebl+4pw2 ni)b 55tq.ength?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is itsd,5 wmmp35n,bzkl +xg wavelpg5+bnzl dk,x w3,5mm ength?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a po6uv+ l8tz lb(7yin0mm tential difference of 100 V. What is its mome(7mum+ltl68vznb iy 0ntum in $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelen5al,ao8ar- q .sq -hprated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its kinetic energy?8q- saaa o,hp5nr.-lq

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg has a wavelengr0o.wx hd)vj5tmdl/1u0 ;lbwth of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a wave) y:we rma t sm 5hmo7u3n0y*rdhm/(.hlength of 0.123 nm. What is its energy in eV? (This energy is not in the relativistic (dhhwr)stmm70ya3hrm o 5mu* ye: ./nregion.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition ve )2agi1 tqvcqeag+ m -hb3,;::sbgyfrom the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is the wav,vs1gab h:3qqb2)mcgtge y -ea i:+; velength of the emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy ofxoj6dq8 . i1xg the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What is the energy when it is in the n xdj xo1.i6q8g = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of energy+b lo4 bna28re 12.09 eV. To which state will the ele24 obna+e8lb rctron make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization en;y3.bmwkc-a di 3zs0r ergy of the neutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of singly ionized hel(t4d, m6)szb)w .wgzeqi gn o4ium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from s* xu(-pwv ry3*zg7z)i-y fzmotate n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -1mmx 2p (8w4u6ffxgyw ,3.58 eV. What is its energy in state n = 2?wxmx ,uf82f6w (p4ygm

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the energy difference bb3c+(hkeh 7f petwee k3c+f e7ph(bhn the two energy states involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single proton in an(gqrl8s63z4 oieqlm- rx0iq 6/8d+i w rxbur5 orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of the electron's de Brogqirqlqr4wx6dilrgb 6+ 88z/5i (xu 3o-s 0remlie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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