Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plates, such as found inside a CRT, th x,dmu o.m:4 dlu)wnp-e electrons are dlp:xwum, n.d) 4m-ouemitted

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal j 2rn;mt/v-t 1efj ly;system that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is nejy, y/q- hb3associated with the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a gi9-x lsbb70rqfskj.yuv +),liven photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planck'/xd 6 oa,becq;s constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a valojyndt7+er8 sph 6 8e2ue of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle thau2; .d(-agq/ fjbjd0l9kem3 o) kqecdt

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following uu.a 6ysyh8z (is an accurate statement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon depends 4+boi1)shnhut-szi (on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by xa j8g7r lg,d1what factor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest enerogn6je0e;h *fsjvq/d g p/3.ggy photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explainab3w jo2xdp : i+uj1qlh m-9xnr(le assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a meta5,v jf*bx2czc l's surface in the photoelectric effect, the photon*c 5zcbj2xvf,'s

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends on which of tmde7an ,x5a;uwgr 51whe following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each deliver the same powe3sppu 9 u9bbd(r on a surface. For which beam isb3d9b upp( 9us the number of photons hitting the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminatctwm,rl av0la9,ga.4 ed with blue light and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity of the blue .m ga0 vlt, 94ac,awlrlight is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequ:j/qf0dac p cwhv ,6(qency f is incident upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we wilw,/ jf(hdqcv6:cq0a pl find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelengthi 919xbhm,ue;d0k pj z*2oekr l is incident upon a substance that scatters the beam in various d eu e9,*k2xhr 1z0b i9;pojkmdirections. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increanbsws6fgv h p (zs+/gy3q/e0, se in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle inc/yowfpz07q m 1jy 90x0mujzu 0reases, the frequency of the X-rays scattered at thomwp0x u jz fmjqy/0uz07y901at angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering angle produces th(zubrni9a+/n 1zf0(l k 4bkp qe greatest change in wavelengtra u(4nfl zk zpn9kibq1(b +0/h?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the acceleratin7: z4 -y.f 8qsc76wmbmbpicwcg voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimum wavelength of the X-rayc77w4w:fm s8cp-qz.mbi6cb ys

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible form:ert(5me,8:2edj hzap zn9c it to interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are produced; this interaction is referrt59nheazjmpm eec 8z rd::,(2 ed to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Brogliei 2uds6a0el 6p:m tux5 wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a higher speed, th1,q23wuy3xlm kl :n hyere is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have the smallest wavelevrv sq-z +z9 *oe:/yorngth if they are moving+zzo -9 oyq*rv/sve:r with the same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving baseball is not noticed in everyday l*e2 3axhea f0m:bd.ob ife is tbxh fbe3d : a20*omea.hat

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over ( l8csp o2 )ejnn3u9tciety*)a light microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as the lenses do in /w; ow knninnf z ahp7-42)ak.an onak./f4-nn h;zw k72ip)awn o ptical microscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capabtt-bc:c ( :k90sf5ex0 qwof(iv- acp vle of "photographing" individual atoms?: iexs0t(-:qvvwckcpab0 f(9ct5o-f

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of; + vp+gub8ksa an electron around the nv ;sb8a++ kpguucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 4 to one where h7wmfgn+)fc/ a (r)pjn = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjc (t+2o i .6.zdxdvsoeacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent 9begc9+/b2 k:7kux3aui+c uaifx ti(n+ug f; orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most intense light emitted b2 vl-:zz5bjnd y a giand 2nzlz5j -v:bt star of surface temperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most intense radiation from an object wit,6vbodbfj n1 6h temperaturen6o,6bf d1 jbv $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with frequency 1v n2z;.ytr1 sl q k0s2rkeo.:t10 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carri.xp6 :b*jh vczz0xrk -ed by a photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has energyxkh43(-hkaf,l- e hu w $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has an energy of 5ij( cl*xl z6,bw.1tdmeho. 8l8.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red light ha1u:0 gk3 zu6l+pf, a(vojqmbrving wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried by a phot ,vtuer(7(vca: yjyq)on of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons nawaxl ):(xmu*3i .vf emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is monochromatic and of wain f:vl(mxx ) wu.3*aavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work fu7h4 hrj,- xty+c 3q,cxm(c hemnction of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kinetic energy of the phhr,3m e- ,+hchjx cc7q(4ytxm otoelectrons if the wavelength of light is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm 7 gw0e. 73p q nqm1*dkoh,fgynis incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the metadng3knqmg0e f, .o7yp h1* q7wl?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stoppin:y 7b u3e)evrhg potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the thre: 7yh)v3erubeshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incidenvv )vin-g s+*q )b gl6*4ff/3 giwhdzbt on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maxiwf)vv*zg3bggs4 dbl6 /+-vn * iiq)hf mum kinetic energy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A monochromatic light is incident on the surface of a metal+p,a/pe.gfh 9jc1ini1 zw s6d with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is i11, izps +hp.n6 gfdea/ wc9jthe wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If the scattering anglesn4j4 xozb8w2 in Compton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavelength shiftosn4x42 zbw8j?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays of wavelength 0.20 7, ixit i uxl 2lb:x(.o1m s2gg/wndu(nm are scattered by a metal. The wavelength shift is obsn72t xulmxb,u ( 2i.:ls1xwdo gig/( ierved to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electroohz0 b sq+ui93ns at 130e. What is the kinetic energy of e90ihu+z obq3sach recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of tzi(b hp7 wfa//l(b8j qt+ *7minkos4ghe matter wave associated with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a speed ofw(/ t iml8(/qhjkbpg+z77 on4ia*bsf 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the de Broglie wavelength of a ball of mass 200 g moving w*)rio 7h+rvo pith a speed of 30 m/s p ov)*i7hror+?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave asspo1 shp,.n hgqnuh8x7 lo:0c :ociated with an electron moving with a speed 0.hhpxs8 ln1 gpoun,:7 :ochq of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potential differxl;u. nkd yj 36w+*xhyence of 150 V. What is its wavelenndy3uyw jk.;+h*6xlxgth?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V3z tn3 /5vjwvu. What is its wave vn v53zjt/wu3length?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potentizz) - b /.rxsmr4,wumjal difference of 100 V. What is its momentum inj) r,/bx umsz-wmrz.4 $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a pot2:1bu:vywy,p z+vwd m ential difference of 100 V. What is its kinetic ener:,mwywp1yzdv 2b :vu+ gy?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A person of mass 50 kg has a wavelengu ql. dj1-umkz43bob1th of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is ita 7m ti3es(qu(*p/pe3cgxr q gzb,:12lkkl 4ws energy in eV? (This enerk3c:k pam 2,gqxl/4rq3se (w(u b7tzigl p1 e*gy is not in the relativistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The electron of a hydrogen +wgdo 0fg9q q/atom makes a transition from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is +/w0 dogg 9fqqthe wavelength of the emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. y sm7qn62) zjf23(1fg sxnh fv What is the energy when it is in the )qf1gv2 zmxnn3 fj2h (s6yf7s n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A hydrogen atom in the grojfn 6ays,5oq m k l3*/3qt3xvbund state absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. To which state will the electron make a tr/ok3mv lta3 xsjqq y6 b,f*35nansition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy of the neutral hydrogen at,z147fl9v9gwg, x qt0hbeh qe om?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionizati ;5s)d1csvk bhon energy of singly ionized helium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from state n = 1 to sk62x b9x 0,ls2z kpr sf-zqdo8o 7;vgctate n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy o)lt .qh;joup5 f the hydrogen atom is -13.58 eV. What is its energy in stat)t5ujl ;pohq.e n = 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the energ 0kzoi+3 cxj6 qf/igzp:.n rj2y difference between the two energy state r fz/.0iq :x3+62ijcjnoz gkps involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single proton in an orbit characterizn(xa7e 7:hfkgw/3ey i ed by n = 4. How many of the electron's : ew/n7e yx3f(hi7akgde Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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