Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plates, such as found inside a CRT, the electron7 r)qd+yxn,jqs are emittej,qn dqxry)+7d

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal systeml( 5a9d.0t tq0xi1wb wemnb2s that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visibln5;rsbw an:- 8-kcnr+qd8 sxg e spectrum is associated with the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency fo c*dio/iddy7 +r a given photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planck's consta +4xw1hjje1 tjl*;qqh nt are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a va(nzx9q v1hzk, lue of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particledzmk * y,ve kwyc,gg;2u oi326 that

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an gtu(tr ;2z*z(4ewthy accurate statement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon i oy /e9 +n,q7zvt)swsdepends on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by what factor does its energy ( ,raxsbk+; mqchange?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowen8hq xb; u/ge1bv2e/5fc w1rcst energy photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explainable asn dirq2dds-6.ga7 g (osuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an elect7w nzw0*h8n-l pu:ogl ron from a metal's surface in the photoelectric lg7wp w : 0o-z*n8lhuneffect, the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends on which of the kd-)n/dyw)tcgsx)v0 x ah:j1w 30a ujfollowing?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a bea5 v*d)sxyp 5;oljvdx2m of violet light each deliver the same power on a surface. For which b)ovd5jxp ;25* yldsvx eam is the number of photons hitting the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue light and eleo)pkcv1d9oo.ifl95lb)y /+t.sj rn rctrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity of the blue light is increased,oc o f).dt9oyl9bp/ rs1iv)l+nk5 jr. electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a ;yryqqb7 *m0rsubstance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the frerqqb;mr7 *0y yquency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavedi+loi p*0(bd 0 ds3zw fe;l8jlength l is incident upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scatteredeob f3ilw +0p8zjdl*(d sd;0i X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increase ins)us n.g4h:uk its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increases, the fre)* eynta* h1g:tov vtw+b i2l,quency of the X-rays scattered at thla negitv2,vw+t y1** o :tbh)at angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scatterihlzonr 2o. 8zim68b.0nbq 4hcvfi4, p ng angle produces the greatest change in wavelf moc4 08 b8lp.42zzq6hvno,nh ibi. rength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube iss +eq:bxzulv kt52p 4: doubled, the minimum wavelength of the X-rae4:kszxbq+l2 u5 p:vtys

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible for it to interact wloyihkm* y;ea:g ,,/xith the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are produ*gxiko/yh ae;l, : ,ymced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels +echc8r.l bywk (g1(n faster, its de Broglie wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a higher speed, there +v16g:if)tfnbo59 yu yw+b 2d(phy wkis a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to+m6 b nl,rn-4 o-ecko34buqyn have the smallest wavelength if they are moving with the sam- bno ,y q3onnl-rcb+k4e46ume speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike natup*xx vxk 3 bnkr3*nf0e id9*,ure of a moving baseball is not noticed in everyday lvd ur9 kfk *nx **33eb,nixx0pife is that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over a lighdf 0i:h4 ctgm2t microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role aiufh .pq jfdof.3:cy,2l:cb2s the lenses do in an optical micropcf:,.yd2 3ffo.hi:l c u q2jbscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of "photo+ d5fz /dvuk:qrsqf+-graphing" individual atom+rd:qskz 5qd- uf/vf +s?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an electron aro4nd(: amnucpr3( kcu05j8b ojund the nucleus3uun0dkr5(c 48 :p jb(naojmc

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where naeut(*nzbb, :(hk, j s = 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbit radii inr)j.1jdh0 m4xiw 4ndq a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference bh l;e0oo1m qj2etween adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponmxki q*l-0 ;mg 8c56n j 3evgj4xobh(dding to the most intense light emitted by a giant star of surface temperature cg; o*e(j8m643xhli0-bjq 5kd mxvng5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency osiu 22yxp : y.gf3qc5yf the most intense radiation from an object with temperatxc5 y3q2isg2up.: fyy ure $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a phobjj nz1qb w0lf -vg 35oqi9pj-bz 3.+pton with frequency 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with a fuje.1ar8ml wz1 9o gb5requency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radii tu0afikxk1v g, o /p(6/epx7ation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electrosycfjs -h+5ww4 *bgt3magnetic radiation has an energy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red li k;dto5y1lcqbm h0u r* kb+2b,ght having wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carriedo2cyh/fpc-*j by a photon of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? o1rwxj9 1t*: c2q9tygxj 3 rkz(Assume that the lamp's light is monochr j x139t19 2*c:zt xgkyowqjrromatic and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kinetic energy of td+vinc 4ev6xk)xa *60 nca +a )nqcg+whe photoelectrons if the wavelength of light is 250 n waaxk6++vqa4 n*) cxdci60nncg e+v) m.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of waveleng. 7 j-*ckc8m ulxprd:cth 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potenti8rx.m ck -c: jpd7*uclal of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping po)nh 778wkpd bpthk7)n7 d pwbp8ential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping po , ,crpve0k.potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic ene v, cpepo.0k,rrgy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the surface of a metal with work,ig+g4jb+sh z function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential gz,hgb++ 4si jis required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scattering is 90e.glt2i7 p /kdextt 35g* What is the wavelength s/it *7g2e5tx3lgkt dp hift?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are sct 0bhhio t j853x.fvp8attered by a metal. The wavelength shift is observed tvjit.5 ph8f0tb3 h8 xoo be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays with a wavelength of 0.yrwg w:49ct 34sapsc iv7-ua*00100 nm are scattered by free electrons at 130e. What is the kinetic energy of each recou4g 93y:-4vsw *aipt7 ccarw sil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter w4 huxfe 2w5i;kave associated with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a speed of 25 m/s2 f4 ix;uewkh5?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelength ofdbku0.e */-vhi wc0g j a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed of 30 m/s?v/ *cd 0egkuw-.ib0j h

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matthpz9:r+ d w*2qix1huyer wave associated with an electron moving with a spuzy* 2: h iqpw9dh+1xreed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potential differenc1k+g r5 kc40rn .*mgcs6l*qk iig nxt)e of 150 V. What is its wavele*lig6kst * mnc0 g5n+ k.ckr 4)xqgri1ngth?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential differencevaz 68guq o8ohf;hzj 5)w k q,:io wm7x-,ld.r of 100 V. What is its wavelengtghqz8 km; az- 7q):,5iowlx .,o6of rw8 dujvhh?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential diff je5gty*5fw m qt7pqj3i(c)v+erence of 100 V. What is its momentum w5meic3jpyqqt (* jt7vg) 5+f in $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. Wh+vw,44afj /1z wezqmhat is its kinetic energ+,4zvww /qzem j1f4ha y?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg has a wavelength of x3i fxt (ao5:h;1nc 2 qv3f*flovc czx1zk 96z$4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a wavelength of 0.123yw.y6jx h) ygbs:i (9g nm. What is its energy in eV? (This energy is not in the rel6 bygh(ig: . jyywx9)sativistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atoufzv ;3h,tvr /zf/(ssm makes a transition from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength of the emitted phofz/ vshs;(z3 /rt,ufvton?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy o;9kguzyj.mf7 f the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What is the energy when it.m kj79fug;z y is in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of en5rorj ; 5aeowig6:zz6ergy 12.09 eV. To which state will the electron mazr: j5i65w oo e;raz6gke a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energy of the n.) cdoyl+,3f od nblne*,znf/eutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of sing2vpi z,/1im x/9o qsngly ionized helium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = j48xn 3jr8 etr(mx4byxi +z)t q9wx5r2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -cxl g.7net 4)eza5s0n ywm7/n13.58 eV. What is its energym 07sw.5 lyec n)7eg/nzt4xna in state n = 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the eu3c.fg y:n1p7y pqx8gnergy difference betweeng.8p1x gy3ufpnq: y c7 the two energy states involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single protona4f0 njtw /ot(fbqg i5 8 ivs72grh6-d in an orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of the el v(60igwi4 frj-n qfsgh25dbt7a 8/to ectron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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