Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of acceleratic 07jxli+mb 6pmfvva;o3/ y9hng plates, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are emittedvl3 7 jfi0a6+ ymho/; m9xbpvc

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal s7z;z i5 oko- ijxtq1aba4p /y4ystem that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated with the lowest temperatubn j:ng, j7ngnd78wv n+b z8j1re?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a givk ajs8 (v5ni89 vcte6cen photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI unitmv7iik, *a s+zqv 05dxb+-mjqs of Planck's constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a valudnwc5lg f7n+8 e of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle that/rxs us2hy)o 11raf 86igq5 nqy(it7y

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accurate statem,ib 4evio u+e9k*za9dent?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon dbq mdg-7o./ ogepends on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon isrv *4aiuru)/0-obolh halved, by what factor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energy p eoo3s ie6gc,7rqx,0j):d *anjjg+0sbso t6f hotons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is e8:swm(l ok7(ygp8 io ixplainable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a m1djj1oukfj ;gxsbo/ (/)k n:cetal's surface in the photoelectric effecjdx1/noj1 )/k: c(o jbfgu;skt, the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends on whilgm 6 (k-whxqts v;v0m+4y2hcch of the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each deliver the same poweroi8od nx3 eyd+o :d9 a-8yhc-o on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitting t-c+dodie-o o 8:8y 39oxyhndahe surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is i+n5 jbqai3 7hkrk3c 5slluminated with blue light and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity 53bh75 kcrqik3ajsn +of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is inc3ol5kgtp a 6h4eijvk ;ydw(/*ident upon a substance that scatters the beam in various dik36vpjikhl* /datwe4y ;o( g5rections. If we measure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incident upon a substance that sca, gjjz*z lrty7gb -(p;tters the by 7tzlbzg-j jg(p; *r,eam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an incr/rompk9(gui9v e6u( hease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increases, the freque tf dx0df2jzdmw3j;ce) h 7 vd7;rc8o6ncy of the X-rays6 xd;dv )zoc7wm32 h7d cej;8rjfdft0 scattered at that angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering anfyr +*ve:kz x(gle produces the greatest f:v e+z(r* xkychange in wavelength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage ncbu4w3di: y af*+(zylym(l:lt j, 6i in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minimum wavelength of th c: a+yz:(y jyub tfl3l n6m,4idl*iw(e X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible for it to i n koc(2(rn,souj afn3/k a3d-nteract with the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are produced; thi/ 2d3s( an (oco-kunjraf, k3ns interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Broglie wd 7 zo e-fr9)rh rjn6)tn-;dgwavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a higher st,w y*3yg 9kucpeed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following woum4,.wh fj- b m vh;d78mbvifq6ld tend to have the smallest wavelength if they are moving with theh hm4ifbqm8vv d m6f.;wj-,7b same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving basebal mu/91wpl )ncll is not noticed in everyday l ln9lpwc )u/1mife is that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over a ligh5vnymk4 f(:q yt microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscopiu pn l*++mty.e that plays the same role as the lenses do in an optical microscope i p+.li* m+tuyns

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capabojjhzf1)tpqrn)f 2euzp) -a /a .2cv* le of "photographing" individual atoms/cpz* r2t-pea2 ) on vjf1.uz)jf)a hq?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular ,,qudwa8dl8 a momentum of an electron around the nuc,qu w,a8ad8dlleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit t0 (tjxuv4me5 ew:pd) where n = 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orb gj,pc t34oe9ijnxa:h- og9 /fit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjsoa. +fkas5k/ acent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the ow*fbp7vhp:b d3+jf0 most intense light emitted by a giant star of surface temperature vjpf:7wdbpof3h*b + 0 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of tp6uvt3x de 3fxk 7)/ytgv)k+il/d 0mthe most intense radiation from an object with temperaturvxl3d)k3 t)m7kgxv6 u0 e /itydp/f+te $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with frequency 110 G7b bhh9 fw :f5ql1t6vyamb +k;Hz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a zj/,fkd)v+ ft photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic rad cr9g6 j**1v)ef gvkaaiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnerqmrsb12y ( b2x4s gh+tic radiation has an energy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of rem +i5nx obcot xovcg ,7wx-3ck-m4yvo */3r e*d light having wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried by pivsem+ :gt a *cpyr/8hd:,5aa photon of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emittedleh,5kb.k,n fld m*o x0;(mdy by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is monochromatic and of ,h0mdod ,ek5. n lx;(k*fmylbwavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Fin(rdb8*r yc nr7d the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons if the wave7dry ( n8rcb*rlength of light is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of waveler2fx+qcise-2t b d; e8)qp frlgg.:+ingth 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work funcpigxf ;r t):.s2f+i2 ec+eq8r gqdbl-tion of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopez b,u;ln36*ta0efp)wo7nc fjt 0 fr: ping potential of the phot:) 7 t np60uef3atnzbfl*o;fje, rwc0 oelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident p wjfzi4na3f0b r))a a 3fn.2ton a metal surface, the stopping potential of the b 0w42fp3 3)na jf. z)faatrniphotoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the surface of a metal with work functionf.z 4;bbkke ,*fm7w qn 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping pbw;k q,nf*me.fkb 47z otential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavq569u)w; n*(*gqyyu zo mrpdlelength shift? rm*6qwnyq;(59g*z opldu)uy

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 na *g:y 7d jy)un+d,hfem are scattered by a metal. The wavelength shift is hufa7y)gjy* en+ : dd,observed to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scattered by frfgrtacai n 2:qp(cwrm (n)1 41ee electrons at 130e. What is t1r grnm(fp w)a14n2tqc(: ciahe kinetic energy of each recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wa4+zbacml5n 8 4ds3lob ve associated with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving w3bdln masb 4c+o48 l5zith a speed of 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelength of a ball e.h)b4ug l1kojne . +tof mass 200 g moving with a speed of j)u4 ekh+lgtb.o1 e .n30 m/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated weufoc5a+t *c1e62+ saigw rk/ith an electron moving with a eg+5ewirc oa +21a* uf/6ckst speed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated d3lov 4fw7x6 fthrough a potential difference of 150 V. What is its wavelength?loxd7w36v4 f f

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 fp u 1k*sii)e-k+cof6sb5 7kf7 rf .sbV. What is its wavelengtbfsk6f*ki s ke. 5p)us+orbf1i-7f7 ch?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. Whw,c+tnnmzp.vo0i d t 9t)nn 47r 30fqbat is its momentum bwn.qmno+c3,d7pn ) ntvi 4t0 0rft9zin $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difjan vp46e xz *k;5-3asu85xv:zyqejsference of 100 V. What is its kinetic ene6v53upaz8 s; j 4 :qkyxjv-z se*xa5enrgy?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg has a wavelength oozh bxq + b.a v*stbirtbz;)+m20y4 k)f $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

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An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is its energy npx .0qfqo g,4in eV? (This energy is not in the relatgp0qo4 . xfn,qivistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a tpfpi.72 l- dqyransition from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength o yl7ifp.2-pdqf the emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What och:i+fe *tk3 4/s sqqis the energyh/:*ktof34q ics+s e q when it is in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of energy 12.o*b w+laq nb b8ptr*:.09 eV. To which state will the electron tpq8obbn w :a b*r+*l.make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energy of the neutra7c1 , ppg0jgko8c,umal hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of singly ionized heli9i)9k nmhnit* 1cuu4dum?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen o)5 pi.j7i6.tdwkfd h atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

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In state n = 1, the e/5l,aht;js ppnergy of the hydrogen atom is -13.58 eV. What is its energy in state nsp/ , 5lphajt; = 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby laser is u vhg8:s 4 bjfe-slr/l v96ev5694.3 nm. What is the energy difference between evjvh5l 4rs9vebg 68/uslf :-the two energy states involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single proton in an orbit characterizauc) /fgokqb/ 62 9xpyed by n = 4. How many of the electron's kygpo /qcua96 x 2/)bfde Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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