Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plates, such as found inside a CRT, the elteqgw*0u +w( a 6lhg(oectrons are emittetge (*w6aug+ wh(q o0ld

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal s k6 5biv-j-(jj4sijzp ystem that

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated wit lc+w0 i rxsy*/am0ok.h the lowest temperature?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for/k jl vlawg 27-d(,4cp+qjxgr a given photon gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI uni9gmes+z 3vamh8pvbpe (; de/-ts of Planck's constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a nyk- 3g:krn2m4llm3vvalue of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle th czc(6:yh min 2x)1dzrppvw+ pmir1+ :at

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accuwtb66ekd*oroq/m .6 hf/,fo orate statement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon depends ov(jg7:+xod aen

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halq )v8)rvs75p7pd o wekved, by what factor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energyl+4dkx7 mgbwjz9z-rmkx*wxp,k d8srx ; ;7w1 photons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect isj*pgh4 vx1s 1c explainable assuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an elec05( /jf zhvg ;l:.fpl8,epyuxi dn+ uptron from a metal's surface in the photoelectric effect;hfj8u p/gevdu y: lz5ifl,.pxn +(p0, the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy ofm k-rs21f.dvm-,lol s the photoelectron depends on which of the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam o,2lw 9nclr;t dt1unic 5 3.pgof violet light each deliver the same power on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitting th5luo3n;t wn r,2.l cd19itp gce surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue light and electrons14yzpp6 6 vtmq are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amounpm4 16yzqt 6pvt of energy. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a substance that scatters t zobbtp)i3y(p6g8l/e 6q vy;y he beam in various directions. If we measure the frequency of the scatterez bio6vpl6be yq)g83 ( ;p/ytyd X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is inciden e)1lim9b.qju5ku1 f xt upon a substance that scatters the beam in vari9iq5lubxek.ufm1)1 j ous directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electronse 6j0he:zvu 6- 7bvnbxgxk( 9, there will be an increase in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increasl5 lrzykbh 6y3 x:a(/*eh+ vpues, the frequency of the X-rays scattered at that uh +yzel:l 3v(/ph5a*6kxrybangle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering angle produces theni21mzd e .3ys+k-8lut iyl5f greatest change in wavelety-3 85d n y1l+2u.lfkz imseingth?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the m n4msjdg/ w+q6inimum wavelength of thew6n+ smj/d4q g X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible fo9yx86c )jel7)r szriir it to interact with the matter in suchex )r687c 9yi ijzlr)s a way that an electron and a positron are produced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Broglie wavelengt,w:wssf x2wz(h

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated (.n3 pps2 o;c-lsep gwto a higher speed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have the small+ )ucb*4a z:vcgwzcb/-qlg() upk3i qest wavelength if they are moving with ti pbg/*4lzcw3:+(zcakgc uq uq-v)) b he same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving baseball is not iacc b dzc7t 8/,ga--fm9lo *hnoticed in everyday l- ico/9dzf* -7t,m c8glba hacife is that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have ow rk:o/,9ovl,4vy lggver a light microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the same role as the lense,hmv,-lq a9 kws do in an optical mk ma- v,qlhw,9icroscope is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopespiqsd/ -lh2 hn3 1ozc8 is capable of "photographing" individual atoms?qsi-ldc1zhp8 n/23o h

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr modp1dd4x 7al 8b56rsluyel of the atom, the angular momentum of an electron aro lasrb p4u6l51 xd87dyund the nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 4 to one where n = o3wg4ht9jzpt+jd.)0ggr (jpmo jif )hbb 1* .2

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbe47 oelfp8jbzuxq+jjbeg6,,: qvr 2 b -siv82it radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in a hai ryvv7. v zb8+b.(mwydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most intense ligh rids:hrt(*oz(7 s rdb6(*kp nt emitted by a giant star of surfac*nrspd (tokr7hb: *i sr((6z de temperature 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency oq0r h+z1jwk,1d /f :nkldbnb/z4usx8f the most intense radiation from an object with temperatuzd// + 1nb0:zdsh18j4 lkwxqf nrk,bure $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon aa -2x 2dd(hwcwith frequency 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried rc-:op j 4r+yvby a photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiati8v i6 h1c*bzpeon has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has an b x0cxdu:(k2fsm,ib-energy of 58.1 meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red light haviid kcv(.( y 662woynolng wavelength 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried/kg ozpeg;4xnm(6c v: by a photon of wavelength 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emittedbf- dgw*(2hfyz/z1 ef(h0ob t1 j if2l by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is monochromatic fy0-f2tbof bzh((1hwgz l 21i/dejf *and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kinetic energy of the cf65uvuiu(q3 photoelectrons if the wavelength of light is5 fu 3qi6vc(uu 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potet*0-cgerfu4 ential of thef r40g*ctue -e photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surf: fjh8vv- +qjrace, the stopping potential of the photoelectrv+v-j:8qfh jr ons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold frequency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stoppingkfv a*nr5vx (rq2t-t* potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic e2(vqaxt 5- *fn*k rvtrnergy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the surface of a x0h:jbqh3 zs a1;-fpni8 ,emn metal with work function 2.50 eV. s8 ,i ;n- hpzqham jnb3fx:e10 If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scattering is 90e. What irh);ft2x n -jqs the wavelength sqf-hj) r x2t;nhift?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. The w h9u5zqeva;7 uavelength shift is observquae5 hv 79u;zed to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm aroympct , k31-se scattered by free electrons at 130e. What is the kinetic energy of ,m-kt 3ocpsy1each recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wavjw2ue p ,x0u:6)bnihj e associated with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a speed: )bwh2eu0juxpn ,i 6j of 25 m/s?

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelength of a ball of mass 200 g moving with a sl)gp*fpbjmiz--zd. + wothxk3j0 q 43peed of 30 m/siml*pp + jjk-qtf4z.gx3o0b h- zw)3d?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated wit8qae * ,(xuw;vjc -pq dayod1*h an electron moving with a speedqq8*e ;xpd(a w,a u- vc1y*ojd of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through a potentsxh mie 0p)uk)8,ua pd.v ; r+zma8jw6ial difference of 150 V. What is itss,xm)0ewa8p m.prvu8k) ;j6a hi u+z d wavelength?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential diffeg8.m ya/s*ye c8f5lryu.c4fhrence of 100 V. What is its wavelenh*.c yf88gyfylu.5sea/ r 4mcgth?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated j-fi +g,w2:f+n xiwbu by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its momentum iw+u bini+f 2,wxj:fg-n $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential difference nx2c:sj f3x8fpl. -ff8fmo.qof 100 V. What is its kinetic energyc 8 jxpf8n2.s:mf 3lf .fxof-q?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg haspvsah je9xtyb nl7xx,:(l092 a wavelength of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a waveqs/srf8m2 i8 klength of 0.123 nm. What is its energy in eV? (This energy is not in tkqs8mrfi/ 8s2he relativistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n = 5 sq qm1wg081bha tate to the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength ow q1a1mb8h g0qf the emitted photon?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The binding energy ofo3 dld -y+m;vr3;ljhi the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What is the enermy ;jldd ihvro-l33+;gy when it is in the n = 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of energeaww7j* 4s 9fb( e1- cy5tzrluy 12.09 eV. To which state will the electrucb t5efr 7 azw(-w1 e9ljys4*on make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energy of *k qd*ly7f mxy*ulb )*zxij0-the neutral hydrogen atom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionizationso ppg*;t bl,)3m np*f energy of singly ionized helium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition fgovkti +.xfc/1q v*b9rom state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydroge744lrh2s*b8dpeul kv n atom is -13.58 eV. What is its energy i74shb*vde8pr2l lu 4 kn state n = 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the energyx fz8md7n3t8bhg3 r 9/k t1wjl difference between the two wj1/7tnmzf8 9lt8kb xdhg r33energy states involved in laser action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a sszodqz08 yh .8n g1baff s-l(9ingle proton in an orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of the electron's de Broglie wav d b8h9gao(nz8- .fzy01slfsqelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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