Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

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In a pair of accelerating plates, such as found inside a CRT, the ele 8hmzpt)l/;jqctrons are p8m )z l;hq/tjemitted

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal system thatp 38(k 2t)m.npl40tr z p:kb w,rjhsoc 8s*bbm

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated with the lowest tempera z* xet17ddg:mture?

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency for a given photonr m3xqpl e)h:6 gives

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units or-cava0 kg z r/ ;wf8rvk7sou;,ey0wn :3vxn:f Planck's constant are

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a valu87ne y 99pjbnge of

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particledokrnqm329.mwsxeh5;psgiwoka gj /+: )) i ( that

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accurate statccz6uka48 3iuement?

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon?

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon dependyuh29ydege8w6om w 1zi+g .;ts on

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a phokq 3mzn5( y iqf)5q 7rlasj3y3ton is halved, by what factor does its energy change?

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energy phon7z6yfr 6fo e:tons?

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explainable as;b2lkhafluvajit*4 ;k5;x 9zgf 0; qosuming

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a m5.tfcx bfe: oio 2tx4.etal's surface in the photoeleeot:t.ff2 5o .x 4ibcxctric effect, the photon's

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron depends l:5t- bv)s7bkp loan)on which of the following?

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet lighe5- binh;atg7t each deliver the same power on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hittietga;n7-h ib5ng the surface per second the greatest?

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue light and electrons are ejec9( pifb)q hj/kz wq)acs045i1qqrn, nted at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity of the blu1/w,qb fsrnq9 j5a 4n(q zch)ip)qik 0e light is increased, electrons are ejected

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident m0olpltb1 *2o upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure th l0op o*1tb2mle frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incidentu-prp0 , o/; oduuwrk 973jirtq8x*jf upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of the sc709-u o3ukfp jxwi/rurqoj ,*;8dtrpattered X-rays, we will find

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from a h 0rvzxgermh: taz8he24q)6, n electron, there will be an increase in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scatterif(qqc1jj7d ) gng angle increases, the frequency of the X-rays scattered at tha1c dg( f7qj)jqt angle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scatte bc- 2 pvge3*1,ihwapgring angle produces the greatest cha*bwge h,a2p1vcgi 3 -pnge in wavelength?

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-28hw 2lfao( (j/8l0zv x bimgtray tube is doubled, the minimum wavelength of t8hx8a(l gib 0tow lv/m2zj f(2he X-rays

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes nsb ;hau0uw18 tr*0nbthrough matter, it is possible for it to interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a posi1wu ts0b 8 nn0urh*ba;tron are produced; this interaction is referred to as

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faste om/cjt 5rkd8-r, its de Broglie wavelength

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a highernp+x /ox5f2qq speed, there is a decrease in its

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have the smallest wavelength if to(jt* u o vxnv)s/(,wehey are moving wiejs ovo(u(vt n,w /*)xth the same speed?

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving bc)yoj h/g 1f,o u b/r7ng(kvv4aseball is not noticed in everyday life is k)f uj 1hyvgv cn,/oog7/4r(b that

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have overky.jiknn,9 6 ns5rchmc) pz;; a light microscope?

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the c,wv 6, ip-mzpsame role as the lenses do in an optical microsco6cvz,-pm, w pipe is

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of "photographing"*; e: 3 ia/29rcel 9cp5fsbgtn* fvilb individual atom p*ii:/vcnb9lgr5 9e lfc2*ftas 3b e;s?

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an elec n6t 0,3b.i3 hw vlt5wz0xxpggo:l+olz f g:r)tron around llozi :gzh3w bgr w xlf):,p5v+ 0tnt0o36.xgthe nucleus

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps frldk 9hu d/:l0yom an orbit where n = 4 to one where n = 2

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35#

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The distance between ad.lqx u16ag*qajacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference betwe3nfa wkya b8tf)77w*q qkn4,cen adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most intense light emitted bym-02 h0m quuku a giant star of surface temperatuquh- u mu02k0mre 5000 K?

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most intense radiation from an object (fh0v,p+.fn ohj +rgzwith temperatghhnfo+.fv0p rz+j ,( ure $100 ^{\circ}C$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with frequeptwreqdga0q ts6x6fd:2 l6 xf6,d+w0ncy 110 GHz?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with a frequency of 1k 4bk)nwh0c:c 00,000 GHz?

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of ele 4s.2fnzne)vukm7 1wmg/k( ebctromagnetic radiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$?

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has an energy of 58.1*gelt)emy,4: m )vjtf meV?

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red light having wavelek/sso 38h;c0jnro-q nngth 640 nm?

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carried by a photon of wavelengthfkirb* rlgpz)wn 4 070 660 nm?

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamtz/ sl);cjwp2l d 67sfp? (Assume that the lamp's tspjw 2dfz7s/l6 );lc light is monochromatic and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the mrmyzet0q/:dho563q f *x:uw qaximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons if the wavelength of light zrxoe0 dq :hw6/ymqq *3u:tf5is 250 nm.

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incidenthkmbe0l8 v pwq.(q:9p on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the w qkev0m9.b(8 wph q:plork function of the metal?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is inck. 9c,q pv 4sgawrz64gident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold frequ cv r9z 4ks,gw64pqa.gency?

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal sureqk 73ce-zxz,-uq-t uface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic eneqz--u zek 3ux,-ceqt7 rgy of the electron?

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the surz2qeggs v/ s/94dn vt*dfr89fface of a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required9sz vf fe//td qr29s84gvngd * to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light?

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavel +7xhxtkae./m ength sa/km xhx7e t.+hift?

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are a5 m gnol:v-h4scattered by a metal. The wavelength shift is o -4lonvha5:mgbserved to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle?

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free elect/oclbhkc .j/+rons at 130e. What is the k. j/+h koc/cblinetic energy of each recoil electron?

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with a ball of mass 0.xmknek:2mf:6) l mbx;g k,t b.50 kg moving with a speed of 25 m/s?: b ).mf26 lbe:t ,mnkxkg;xmk

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelength of z jg5 83hoq1bhs hkg1)a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed of 30 m3 jkghz )8h ogq5hb11s/s?

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated wb4o)g 5 5:dkwu8tiscxllu ,q4( zvun.ty2r ,sith an electron moving with a speed vtc.k)y lw:4six28rt oq ,,snz d 5g4(uub5luof $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$?

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated throug76 .bgt8zsjc8zl fn6a h a potential difference of 150 V. What is its w tb.jsc6zn 8z6l8fg7a avelength?

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerat)*+r;sfcdx e0hcbki *ed by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its wavelx* dfhr)+c b*0ie ;cksength?

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potential differenc znkt0 *:/m )u-mxq7hrdle cf0e of 100 V. What is its momeq)e r-h*7k mnl0t/xucz0m:fd ntum in $kg \cdot m/s$?

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated by a potentialo+,efzy;nm)en: bvoy9.i9+u yo bhs/ difference of 100 V. What is its kinetic ener+/y eo:fov,h iym) bso.9y+ unen;b9zgy?

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A person of mass 50 kg has a*w1a ;eon*3p drhqvmq:an*r(n9u9hq wavelength of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running?

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. Wha wqfvd 4.:ci:x4+l ll;kd4fun t is its energy in eV? (This energy is not in the relat.; +fk: 4i4u: fxnwqddvl4c llivistic region.)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The electron of a hydrogen atom makes afw .sfjx)m:u uti rkd-9r 0s7au+/ok4 transition from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength of the emitted s7tr9)-fjx.0u d:u4iskmu f k+ra/ owphoton?

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. Whd4bjvk ye846qlng w 1;at is the energy when it is in the n =q64lkbv8gy1jwe n ; d4 5 state?

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. Todl 2pf29yc+yqn9v+fj6li .z j which state will the 9lyj l2jid+.z yf+9qvfc pn26electron make a transition?

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy of the neutral hydrogen am-5v 9 innwsm5tom?

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the ionization energy of singly ioniz (qm;r hrec,hkbs *3,ued helium?

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In making a transition from state n = 1 to staqy:t3lz4lnce cme*2 5te n = 2, the hydrogen atom must

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen ucvlr-23,8ojs wn8bn atom is -13.58 eV. What is its energy in state n v l3nnj 2b8cw8r, uo-s= 2?

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The wavelength of a ruby laseezq5-.usm ,ro*kcf 1tr is 694.3 nm. What is the energy difference between the two energy states involved in laser. osc5erm-zt* ,kfq 1u action?

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is moving about a single proton in an orbit charactwpwr.8 rpxw) s uz()l(erized by n = 4. Howx).rs zrp(w 8p) (lwuw many of the electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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