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PRACTICE：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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Author: physics Total Marks: 61 mks Marks Awarded: _____________

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1#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are riding in a spaceship that has no wind kopguziv4zr3qhq1 v(,.c-p, g p,v7bows, radios, or other means for you to obse4c ,1g z(3rhzbv7po qk ivugp-.pq, v,rve or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The Michelson-Morley exxmb ) r1o)mf1hperiment was designed to measure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Michelson and Morley concluded from the results of their experiment th,ouz46m hb pj2at

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You can build an intootx/ h6( :x-m;l;gkzg qho;xerferometer yourself if you use the following components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the relativity prinwj k65li; 86fvixr(rrhpn+2ociple.

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6#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the three unprovable assumptions of Gal;p 3a7gdklxmqfh0. w4. rg+ gzilean-Newtonian relativity.

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7#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The theory of special relativitc5,3i uasnacaz7+ +m by

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One of Einstein's postul5i7phpi+ g)oin xq 6 -tle(/plates in formulating the special theory of relativity was that the laws of pp+o i(6-5p/)ei l7ptlingx hqhysics are the same in reference frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the first postulate of special r t e0y a+).jsfamw o122iane/welativity.

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10#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the second postulate of;12nl-o rx8 njs1wbpz special relativity.

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11#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If you were to measure your pulse ratec5t936k 8w 0gj9jlc 9vv d0jfrwp(iqo while in a spaceship moving away from the Sun at a speed cc digjo 9fwv(9t083w5k vrjclq 6jp 09lose to the speed of light, you would find that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary m +eonqn kor38f wr//;xym +7.xwh3d * oqwal)observer, a moving clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The gamma factor is y -bl*/bix+ ;fn aye8xdefined as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling at a very high8syw6bj j)h(q speed to a distant star and byw hsqjb6)j8( ack again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary obserg +jtj 49lmqa*ver, a moving object

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velo qup(si6hit57city that approaches the velo6qtuhi (i75s pcity of light. The width of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a direction pax jvf+6*8o 1tm ilbe9lrallel to its length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as measured by a stationary obsee jv*l lo6i8m+x 1fbt9rver,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed o( x2zm- e;hueyf light, the mass of the particz(ex ;me 2-hyule

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed ow1 oz.org ;zy0f r69 ivw.wsr2+- jmwjf light, the momentum of the particl .jw;y9r rw.+ ozoijgws261r-0mzvw fe

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spear is thrown by you at a very high spee1dcma c9srq+ 4d. As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conma cq41sc9 rd+clude that the moving spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the kinetic energy of a speemkae t.n-.g ;q,yr ed,dy proton when its relativistic mass ag;dyk. tre,.qn,me -doubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the total relativisticsk/ zdkzo d nfq;8.+;h; f2l:3 tunjqn energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass doublfzhu2;8 nfdsqk :z;nq3.lj; n t+dko /es?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider a particle of masssl6,l/wm+pk w $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider two spaceships, each travelino e2 2)gyhq/*mothl4qj hh8 7ag at 0.50c in a straight line. Ship A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Sun. What do they measure for 47)lgqe hh mhtyhjq/2o*o8 2a this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Which of the following depends on the observer's frame ste31, /a)(dukw-vorg+gq7i z cd+dtof reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the velocity of your t ) i5m7jcn48mx:,8s b noluwzgq;t x.spaceship increases, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative mcjo:dge z;6 -to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s og ec;j6z -:mdif the boat is heading upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s8q3bv+p vs :ak in still water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading downstb p+avvqsk3:8 ream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speeet(n0fv )ai o)d, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight across the river?favet)0o(n i)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast should a moving clock travel if it is to be observed by a stativ f*h4z.ns)bg6op1o s)nf 0x v c*:mdconary observer as running at one-half its normal rate6f1 m*xsv0n:dg zvh)nbo. pfc*) o4c s?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a xya:v(p)s(p/izejm3 :u3-yj qx a9weplanet and returns in 10 hours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elaps epj a)vw(9z33s ( jqxxum p:-eiyay/:ed on the Earth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A set of twins, Andrea and Co pzn 2,4y -z2waxf*nxlurtney, are initially 10 years old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Cour4xf2za p yl,zw-nx2*n tney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip with a spee k cn+td*gpb:/d of 0.80c for 30 years according to a cgk:/d+*cn b ptlock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed j f:*cqoxuf )-of 0.80c. What is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contracdjl .nb/aq; 0p-tjgo( t to half of its proper length (as tp; b(-/nd0g aloqj .jobserved by a stationary object)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The length of a spaceship is 10 m when it is at rest. If the spaceshipaao;wyr -pd4- travels by you with a speed ofwy;rd- -opa4a 0.70c, what length does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri,*e8;.em7mbg uo1 cdy b,wlfv1 which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a ,wyu dcfv7l e 1geom;1b*.m 8bpassenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar+wks 2ra1 -4gza6wabt system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travew 4+-2a sz1raaw kbgt6ls toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar systeg w-q ejsr9(zf2a+ef1 m is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceshipjz(gae f2re9w1s -+qf with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is traveling at 0.85c. What is its madwqum. mfx*)ikh2::w ss? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the speed of a proton if its mass i bunfvl49 i-n,s twice its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If the velocity of your spaceship goes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, the 0q5ti e zgr2ya*46ggqn your mass will increasi2r 5*ya6z gg eq0gt4qe by

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the momentum/ tudq2. rxe1g in $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, an e boo) y .v53zbjizx 6;kexv+i-lement loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much energy would be released ; oztv8;psk c9 gw0sq)if 2.0 kg of material was lost during a reaction? gwscq z0t s;)9;k8ovp

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The amount of energy equivalent to two kilogram oae1lcavdc7.v9re9x f)1wce ; f mass at rest is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Na 4s:ljdy le2rn8si6l :gasaki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, helping to end World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was2iell 6s::l4 rynj8sd converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy obolu- trm ,9)ef a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the speed of th 9 meb,)utlo-re proton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of a sgseg)b;s/s 0rj(;fh:. ius/b u9d improton is 80% of its total energy. What is the momentum in ; s /beh igsss.jfrbu()/m:sg;d ui 09$kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What energy is released (in MeV) durings jatr y-:5qy vxd:h.9 a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much mass is lost during a reactionkv(w5 o/ryuu,j 2l 7r4bmduwjmm -z79 in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the total energy of an electron moving with a speed of 0.9vbo6u+v z5v)j 5c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How many joules of energy are requihmg z wc6fsbjnxs;k0j/:f f:o, *h11jred to accelerate one kilogram of mass from rest to a velo: /w:,g hmnchj1*sofffx 1z6 sjk;b0j city of 0.866 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In a nuclear plant, f:e8f0r:)5y;e tjo7.0dkyynndav fa $1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through 11cg0adho tlsx7q,vmwt b195, 00 kV. By what factor has its mass increased with respect to its readt91 cvto1x5,7, q gm sb0lhwst mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are in a rocket traveling awaym yhm2 6bji( c/5r4vsa from the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed of light from the Sun to bscj5 2ay/mvbhim( 6r4e

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Two spaceships are traveling through space at 0.60 c relative to the Earth. Ihmv)iti5** x x nalr99f the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a person on either crlav iih)* 9ntx mx59*raft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A fast spaceship is traveling with a speed of 0.80c. How fasb8qt,w:0f bsml tr;p/s q) ;u+6suwztt would light travel from the headlights of the ship relative to as;pft;bm/uwqr:sbu,l 6wqt t8z s0)+ stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spacesow k;lzzx4j m;rfb+c+h * s7m5hip then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measuredfb ;l*zj5; hz+wm rm4ck+x7 os by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spacesh .sasg/o4kutp1qz m ce,387kxip then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the mk gt3 s /ep8q,1. mz4kcoasux7issile is fired toward the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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