Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - https://webassign.org

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PRACTICE：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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Author: physics Total Marks: 61 mks Marks Awarded: _____________

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1#

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You are riding in a spaceship that has no windows, radios, orfjmx9g h7:nb sz:- rwpph:x f5l v;j.4 other means for you to observe or measure what is outside. wz-pj5;.v7pn : rfb9f s4::jxlghhx m You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The Michelson-Morley experiment was / ; znhn.jny3)a wxzhwf5v/e) designed to measure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Michelson and Morley concluded from the result /k-jr4 c;*y3vay rpt- k/pznus of their experiment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You can build an interferometer your-ssi+tvp x t*b ,52ayg6gj3 jeself if you use the following components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the relativity principleume5zew :a9r9o xt.x1.

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6#

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State the three unprovable assumptions of Gaimfgzfttb(or e8vn )//o( +d9lilean-Newtonian relativity.

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7#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The theory of special relativitk7ghax ;xf7 5ny

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One of Einstein's postulates in formulating l un1- d8hsx ool7uh+,the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physus,oh-hd n+l x8lo1u7ics are the same in reference frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the first postulate of spug/ggi/: vhk6ecial relativity.

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10#

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State the second postulate of speci g :1eqnjhla) kuvs56d./dk1f al relativity.

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11#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If you were to measure your pulse rate while in 5 lf s2-tyfu,5m; sarla spaceship moving away from the Sun at a speed close to the speed of light, you would find that af rsslt,uf l5-y5m;2it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary k( ekj/5y:c uv*j9ra 1 9bkw*xz4yi1x hru6rk observer, a moving clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The gamma factor is definedw mwst7, g u9p2kqo2l5ue -zh( as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling at a very high speezkx.1og i8s f-d to a distant star and back again, while the other twin reio k-81gx.sfz mains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary obc0em, ch20y1i5nb8 qg7 bk, 3ofb rvqvserver, a moving object

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a directim fg5j v66l3 dn(ebe)ion parallel to its length with a velocity that approaches the velocilf mbjdv )3ngee56(6 ity of light. The width of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a direcrx46iibxn1 hn8 fqw0-tion parallel to its length with a velocity that approiq-wir4 80xnh1b f 6nxaches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approaches thu bkxl(w --0sne speed of light, the mass of the particlu0bws(- l-knx e

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, the momentum of the py6 mbttt3 6as(artib 3asmytt(66 tcle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spear is thrown by you at a vmn* q.t.fmyrm-ae ,c .ery high speed. As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the movnm mf *,mqcrea-.y.t. ing spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the kiq6*):/q,jmpql 8wwef yc v oh:netic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic masshc*wwq:fp )qov/ly:,qj 8e m6 doubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the total relativistic energy of a speed7tklj iu 2-g+ey proton when its relativistic7-2iutkjle+g mass doubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider a particle of mukng,we973 ionz9b5w hq1gg- ass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider two spaceships, each traveling at 0.50c in a straight line. Ship A is c ;wc3yie,q2g:+ gre emoving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light comq;2i ,ec 3+cwger:ygeing from the Sun. What do they measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Which of the following depends on the obsemc sos/j cm7vz4 4jw-hz7 jvd6-kj2 l3rver's frame of reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the velocity of your spaceship increase oh 4f6c/ho-lis, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative toy +ykxfwbmsz7d5 )-nh/ zq4) o the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is +n4m 7d/s 5w)-yohxkyz )f bqzheading upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4. jvhanfb)t e8 8*:8ea ;0jdgxk0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/bdj *hjfeak0: 8 gv)n88;eaxt s if the boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, rela+r; ji osfvw j7e:ym*9tive to the shore, does it move in a river thav; y:wserm7*j + jfi9ot is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight across the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast should a moving clock travel if it is to be obsjkx24wnu4m.9u xde - ierved by a stationary observer as running at one-half its normal raekimu.w4u x9-xd 2j4 nte?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship takes a nonstowf*t. jwc;d w2 pxgi34flfd1 vff)82op journey to a planet and returns in 10 hours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.8* dwfw322;fdfiflj18 gv)ptfx c4w.o0c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney, are initiat4lz pn+- dik,pw :ei(g)ls -rlly 10 years old. While Courtney remains on Earth, en i(-z w:p gid)l4l r+pst-k,Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip with a v t7:siq9w)zcspeed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the spac vszct7w:)9qieship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. + cr+s*//lparet r3atWhat is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contract to half of its pu71(00cl5v pvwom4wpwc 8v hqjg(k/ droper length (as observed by a stationary obk0d /lqpwv vhww5v87u pmgco0j4c1((ject)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The length of a spaceship is 10 m when it is at rest. If the spaceshipr2w ykvz*1+d;d3pcl h:v s)se travels by you with:vded ssc) + k*yv 2;wphr3z1l a speed of 0.70c, what length does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4 .rn8r7i3 zl9se* galzozq:j,.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relativ:aqrzi9 z* esor,gn8ll73.j z e to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha4jr /mvx;jpe9 Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on boar xv49rjpej/; md the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system iaq8)fn gl+ kqqbifi*a3f;qp3u8eq0 :s Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with)q8+fpq*8gea 3qnalkf0q i;uqf b3:i a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is travelav7 2ntwgpqq5 j 6z, u ry6b:ct71olq,ing at 0.85c. What is its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the speed of a o6ou8z )d ,6atrrp1neproton if its mass is twice its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If the velocity of your spaceship goe + sxo1v xn7 f1x7afep., e7fp*zk1hhts from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will increase xfo1+7k 1z h1.n,fet7xp fash*7e pv xby

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the momentum in q ,+),uxqcpsq$kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, anbw6e 9+ban4zg element loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of material was lost drp3 4l0rs7pcpuring a reactir4s pr7l30c ppon?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The amount of energy equiv0s jkws8jzh5/h8v( i jalent to two kilogram of mass at rest is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed 140,000 p;9 hqrtx;pc8feople, helpin89crftp;h qx ;g to end World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of a pro6)ctrpr /vx xw,pa:d *ton is 80% of its total energy. What is the speed of p )*a,:x /rvrpxc6wd tthe proton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the momentummzbfev ,qux97)ea99 0h x(nws)p nl1y inn9 )yha e)xwsn7bqzp,ux 19m9 vefl(0 $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What energy is released (in MeV) during a reacti -onot6: atw2qon in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much mass is lost during a reaction in j -p4ewqk7e -swhich $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the total energy of an electron moving with a tw +bzts s;v cgt4+d-*speed of 0.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How many joules of energy are required to accelerate onemks 6cue 4lndg7jobe ).;)e+b kilogram of mass from rest to a velocity of 0.86g u4 ) )lndc;.jes6 7emebo+bk6 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In a nuclear plant, q93yta 60t1 snil.s xg f *5zol5f4rfa$1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. By what factor has its mass increasxrj-;;i tx.g6s .clph ed with respe .h;txlpi x.6sr- cgj;ct to its rest mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are in a rocket traveling away frd26 yu 7,hk(gpvjznuw+os0d9om the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed of light from the 9ds0j2h(ugyzk+udvpw on, 7 6 Sun to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Two spaceships are traveling through sp4p3g4f nz6.a pixz/ziace at 0.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach nz iz4p./zga346i pfxvelocity, as measured by a person on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A fast spaceship is travelg g(t;l wm4xy)ing with a speed of 0.80c. How fast would light travel from the heady4 lt)w;(xm gglights of the ship relative to a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship the h.7zns.bgf5 f3 2lvzjn fires a j 3.sbzngzflh5 .v2f7 missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a b,.+tn zl 6vwhqym:k, speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then wy+mlz, tnq b,h.:k 6vfires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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Total:61 mks Pass:36.6 mks Duration:Unlimited

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