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PRACTICE：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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Author: physics Total Marks: 61 mks Marks Awarded: _____________

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1#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are riding in a spaceship that has no windowsjf9 lq 1c1b -.0fuftjj, radios, or other means for you to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or movin1 0jjf1f.qct -b u9fjlg at constant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The Michelson-Morley experiment was desi y,.q(wmidf;dt( kf u*gned to measure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Michelson and Morley concluded from th qvwx db(ujcf0-y 4x.e2gtn- 6e results of their experiment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You can build an interferometer yourself if you use the f, rw ta k1e/lzhn8j( be1uak1-j 9r+iaollowing components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the relativity principle. j p*5pv 9 zu2vybqn;a.w2g;dq ql9-kf

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6#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the three unprovable assumptions of Galilean-New(c(ved k:- izqtonian relativity.

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7#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The theory of special relativit6xz8tw7g *( s ncctii.y

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One of Einstein's postulates in for. iq k*w9cpx6qmulating the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics aqk9w*i6px.qc re the same in reference frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the first postulate of speci bowu,wo;m8 d(al relativity.

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10#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the second postulate of special r6b) xjn, /rz67ckg/bvqk )n rpelativity.

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11#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If you were to measure your pulse rate while in acvke* +2ddestl(; b:c spaceship moving away from the Sun at a speed close to the speed of lights t kde+2ed* bvl:c(;c, you would find that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary observer, a movin:x-bs :f epxn9g clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The gamma factor is defr u95zj7s/ ianaz4p(i ined as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Suppose one twin takes a r0:d+(7yds jbs; sniwz ide in a space ship traveling at a very high speed to a distant star :db+7s ;y0sjd(iszwnand back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary observer, a moving obmibo2lo8 t6hjj 6j 4,bject

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a ver;3( x;c rho+7jncw gklocity that approaches the velocity of light. The width ; n(;rjkr+ohw x3c7c gof this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a directi,u bie.wkg r5:on parallel to its length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The lengthug:.ei,w b5 kr of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of 7dc0r; d ;,denw a1cwdlight, the mass of the particldc;ad ;d,7 wd0 w1crnee

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approaches t 2i*lv7u o.q*p8medy mhe speed of light, the momentum of the particlee*l7*.io2myqvd8mu p

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spear is thrown by you at a vb 3fn4;l;ki n774 lw9hdhlrss ery high speed. As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From skhr 7734ilndnl;h 4w 9fbs;lthis measurement, you conclude that the moving spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the kinetic energy of tb 35kzgtgc) +lpx r.-a speedy proton when its relativistic mass doubles?tk .+5rl -zcg)g pbt3x

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the total relativom1ag:y+bcgh eit 0pk*6au 4( istic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass doublbiogp 1e cauh*at:+ m604kg y(es?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider a particle of mwc4l+)ri eaeu 8u0yc ;ass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider two spaceships, each traveling at 0.50c in a straight line. S*-:mpasy fr)cy6 oa)pm;y4 cnhip A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the y: rmc6o)ny;) *c-my ppsa 4afvelocity of light coming from the Sun. What do they measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Which of the following depends on the observer's fm m r*bt1vqmgw3h2/)m:q p okzu3f3t 3/:xzhrrame of reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the velocity of youfg08i:j 1mbhdv2p n3ir spaceship increases, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 mkt72d y2vr 4su/s in still water. With what speed, relative to the shore, dory7k 4u22ts vdes it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. Wiql v;4x;yhu xr5o n0l6th what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the;6u0vnlyx orq 5;4 xhl boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in sthiww fho+ : fazm.k)q9e:: s(kill water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it m :)a:s k ez(+whifqf k9.h:owmove in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight across the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast should a moving clock travel if it is to be obs*9) (ny0jvfu q viwq;zerved by a stationary observer as running at one-half its norma)vqy *fni0(9w;jzuqvl rate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and returns in 10 hours.xl. rkm3l0s0g4 aavt8qmu z. according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.v0xa4st8 qkr30m .l..zmalug 80c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney, are initially 10 years old. While Courtne0(1h0lmihf saym *v u(sun+9 xy remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6(s* ah1fm+smyv huln0 (x9 0iuc for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip with a speed of 0oomg0/hbs 9 3h;:jt z31a7a/ vnymcpz.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the ma/g z/nv3z y7c3j 1m0s:hptoh9o;baspaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A meter stick is moving toward you with a spee- n(jep, 5esl4-kgqd/yammm1 d of 0.80c. What is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contract to half of its proper ljf4m b( ,4n8udp; qcsj,wddz2ength (as observed by a std;, jsp8 md z,4 nfd4(bwuq2jcationary object)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The length of a spaceship is 10 m wy(vx9db1d 6+c zs+ uua iw9t:ihen it is at rest. If the spaceship travels by you with a speed of 0.70c, what lengthdi61(9xwv cbszd++ y :iu9uat does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which i,w d5lvjee p*/s 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel accordingv/edw pe5,j *l to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 ligx nqhd qw dy*v611v71jht years away. A spaceship with a cvy1 7 djw1qx1qv6*h ndonstant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light year)at u v0e:2;zyqcn4fyd19a ra*vovn*s away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Eon;1vn ara0*uy2 t*a)4z9 yd :fcqvevarth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is traveling at 0.85c. What is itqy:zg5 1jg;tf jipwk).ii3;zio6- y y s mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the speed of a proton if itskb: el)rii0m a91tv *l mass is twice its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If the velocity of yp96xo og 7rq:y4q9mhow *d m(four spaceship goes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will increrqo( dq4go9yopwm x*69f7hm: ase by

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the momentum l;l d3u :icz.9c/qju lin $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, an element ls( hyhjv *c)b/gkuh:u2x:(e zoses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of material was lost during a rpgg80epa qk66 1mj cc*eaction qkp1jgce 6* mpca68g0?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The amount of energy edd:qaafxl 49*quivalent to two kilogram of mass at rest is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Naa6 :4gjsmkwxj+d m.h.gasaki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, helping to end .xgswdjma.4mkjh +6: World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the mc9 v-+3xjuuh,hy8kraf: b* f speed of r:3+mv*bu - hhff9, cx8a ukyjthe proton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total ene/ff45d)uq oo,g-qbzt oci6(0 uhv p f0rgy. What is the momentum hbz0u(6/f)oo0tpd uqi4 g fv q-5,of cin $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What energy is released (in ) kxmzdk,3m/d MeV) during a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much mass is lost during a reaction in which 2 ju lo:7.osjt:qgoo() *ndui$1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the total energy of an electron moving wi32w+ iy 3zhm4dr0ot8pu ,xo nxth a speed of 0.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How many joules of energy are required to accelerate one kilogra6d0wv4k 7mef)sgr e1 vm of mass from rest to a dfg1k 6se4ve0v)m rw7 velocity of 0.866 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In a nuclear plant, 8 s/ wc9kb ncu/l:9e17regxcx$1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. By what factor ha/dphh o1 r:h sjra g451ts.ca+s its mass increased with respect to its rest ma/t+ dg:sr1h harjcpo.sh 4a1 5ss?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are in a rocket traveling away from the Sun at 0.95c. You measu qi g+l7uu1 rezj3xd;-re the speed of light from -j+q73uxld;g 1er iuz the Sun to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Two spaceships are traveling through space at 0.60 c relativm, 38:mk6 ckqwia6yxz e to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a 686,zmq3 ack mykx :iwperson on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A fast spaceship is traveling with a speed of 0.80c. pp3j(h /hxw e*wq./w gHow fast would light travel from the headlights of the ship rj(g xw./ wh*hqpw e3/pelative to a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship q,j l8q 83rqlbthen fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by ob8lqq 3,8qlrjb servers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship tg. ,dx-v0diwo73iq uj hen fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. Wh 70d-3,oiqx wugvi jd.at is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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Total:61 mks Pass:36.6 mks Duration:Unlimited

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