Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - https://webassign.org

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PRACTICE：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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Author: physics Total Marks: 61 mks Marks Awarded: _____________

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1#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are riding in a spaceship that has no tez1df :n 1ap-windows, radios, or other means for you to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at 1adp1:f -tn zeconstant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The Michelson-Morley experim5l(m*+ltf ztc0md m,v ent was designed to measure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Michelson and Morley concluded from the resultbmc-b7:m7fcjs 4zy- rs of their experiment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You can build an interferometer yourself if you use thbnwlic ;fwwy w 9:(04xe following components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the relativity princ2t 5(4 f w3qovosk f/o2gqoh0siple.

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6#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the three unprovable assumptx1lvl;qf3gy * ions of Galilean-Newtonian relativity.

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7#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The theory of special relativis:k2lwce9dw 1 ty

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One of Einstein's postulates in formulating ther uo,len5c u4 cr38ejlu,f ssr+33kd9 special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics are or9l3s 533n4u+r kl,u f8e, jeu drccsthe same in reference frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the first postulate of special relativbhfka.2,fw: (od qlr(o i3gu *ity.

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10#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the second postulate of +uziibwghn1 5wow+:5 special relativity.

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11#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If you were to measure your pulse rate while in a spaces g8bmoz(yr soyx *0(z/hip moving away from the Sun at a speed close xsy o( /br0y8ozm*gz(to the speed of light, you would find that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary 59;ue ru/w1 l et3lamtobserver, a moving clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The gamma factor is definzl 8+v1mlqu a3ed as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling at a very high spb7p ln60hc x*ceed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaunlpc60b h7* xct twin is

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary obse(wa5--nxl olv rver, a moving object

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a direction parallel to its ) v nexjmlni+-;3hg z+length with a velocity that approaches the velnzx3+ ; )hev+gj m-inlocity of light. The width of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a direcwek.orxgz39- tsq 3uq.7-ke w tion parallel to its length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as megwqe- ksxo.t 3 urkw.-z 97eq3asured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle q */ wf2jdt8xf4nk7iop0 i f,zapproaches the speed of light, the mass of the particlq *i ikzjxw /ffo 4f78d,n2tp0e

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, thekvz sch6qd*nx;o 3 (etw;y 81i momentum of the particle 1hsc6tdio8exqyn;3w*zkv(;

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spear is thrown by you at a very high speed. As it passes, you measurepi,so5ryq +b8v 29 qen its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that syqropiv9n,52q e8b+ the moving spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the kinetic energy of a speedy proton when its rel*5ibnz9vh 6k-s+yirs v et/2 fativistic mass t*sehv /926i+rs kfb n i5yzv-doubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the total relativisticqi bfe3:ia1;lvv i8bq 50l87hbee8 g e energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass dou 7qleivfeahl i:eib;v8b 1835 eg 8qb0bles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider a particle of sfkusdp2nd;out+m6 y:, 9g *b mass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider two spaceships, each traveling at 0.50c in a straight line. Shipi t8r*4hppj)p A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Suni rp)8jt*4 hpp. What do they measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Which of the following depends on the observer's f36b4nhp5sj v zrame of reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the velocity of your spaceship igqa-+t j16qapzn6 p 2af2;fy yncreases, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in sti07pn je; xsgz-ll water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boax;7 -ng zes0jpt is heading upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what :jdqd* ,x2t 0. cogx fcf+k/a vf(h*xk85ypyvspeed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s c8(qo .xd*2fx g+ da/f*5yvfhpk0ytvj:,kcxif the boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative to the sho3ar5r am*zal2 re, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat i2r5zm lr* aa3as heading straight across the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast should a movingqmz)seq2nda* 1 vyi ug8w3/*f,6d lii clock travel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as running at one-half its normwa6n q iii1q3mdy8z,el*/)ug2 dsfv*al rate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and returns in fgoma 9+77ci fj:9iz. l,tdjx 10 hours according to a clock on the ,jf+mlj z9xt: f7go.9 ca7iid spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney, are initially 10 years old. While Couri;-8sh/;kxh d q z;ekl- m4hbptney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon hsxhidh; qe b;/p 4k;k-m -8zlher return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip with a speed of 0.ayp 3 r*g(6yr(h 9zexz6 kuso+80c for 30 years accor*eh6(z r(a 36ypx9sygr+z ku oding to a clock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. ha*mwn+ ukgu)yok .n i(kj46 ,What is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contract to half of its pt8fcijer+2 vqv+at6j/q. : m qroper lengthi:qjtc f26+j m vvteqar8+/.q (as observed by a stationary object)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The length of a spaceship is 10 m when it is at rest. If the spaceship trave ,;fh+h96lm6hdbcvkr ls by you with a speed of 0.70c, wha,96+h k d6 ;chlvbfrmht length does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar syh9z7x wg.k2i astem is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaces.xk72hiz9a gwhip with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha 9 * 8ihyljkodg42k4mw58 ypqjCentauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800cwdjy8k9* yh8 mp2kq5g i44 loj relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar symiu o; :jccqux7 +t:*rqn hgmq o//k7*stem is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. Howuc *: i/r jc7omg:xq/ nmuohq;+kt *7q much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is traveling at 0.85c. What is its mass? (The mnry99yvs/ mvd 2tkjj0e/ 1*trest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the speed of a proton if its mass i+y8lr6ok 6qdu s twice its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If the velocity of your spaceship goes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will zcp8unri/z,ni . xfi6;ii 3 r2incii .28/nci6 zzi3upi ,rxfrn;rease by

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the momentum in )cf d yp3om6w7t00dda$kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, an c6g2yh-gj zr( 0c5gdrelement loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of material was cr, f 4ltwt(kr(+::lnrcv : 2xk-wk nslost during a reactio4rrfsn(c:kll c -t+ t:(v2kw xnk:w,rn?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The amount of energy equivalent to tw9-v:h-wb zgw5 el9yv so kilogram of mass at rest is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed 140,0t;ubs-dn vj- 600 people, helping to end World War II on ;j-st-uvd nb6the next day. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the speed nw3b y8no9y7u of the on8 9y3wnu 7byproton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of cpfpa,8w8jkwv3h 6nq6 tix )7a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the momentum in fthjp,n8xi7w 3w q6)8v ca6k p$kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What energy is released (in MeV) during a reaction, 7mj 4eqvj-s, vbjf-c in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much mass is lost during ad46z7s*sq6hfi y/ e rn reaction in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the total energy of an electron movizhvosvx.l9t l y.46tso4s 1+fng with a speed of 0.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How many joules of energy are required qky,-)(eiw o v -.fgyvto accelerate one kilogram of mass from rest to a velocity of 0.8f (e. g ykw,i)vqvoy--66 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In a nuclear plant, g i2az, w:gm5k$1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. ky wq10):fwpqdyi i c+07qa6 b By what factor has its mass increased with respyd b1wfq6qyk0i:)+qi 0c 7wa pect to its rest mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are in a rocket traveling away from the Sun at 0.95c. Yoxm 9ba0y9s 7wx vug/0zu measure the speed of light from the Sun to bsugw0b mx90ya 9x/vz7e

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Two spaceships are travx nx;kwq+rz)l8 7xz, 0 jb6ijieling through space at 0.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each otx8 +ir,z06zwxli ;7bx)j jnkqher, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a person on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A fast spaceship is travelingy3f 3wcev1/+e nm,0pmamxm 0 t with a speed of 0.80c. How fast would light travel fr0+afcntpw 3ev0y1, m3 xm/m meom the headlights of the ship relative to a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth ymd34ffaq m+4 rjk 5q5with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth yq5j4m4rf35 fdk +amq?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship theno-ep ud(4wbq3 gl)t3f fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the veloc-u )w3 f(dte3gl pbq4oity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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