Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - https://webassign.org

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PRACTICE：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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Author: physics Total Marks: 61 mks Marks Awarded: _____________

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1#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are riding in a spaceship that has no windows, radios, or other ,azn y/xx fm/2means for you to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. Whata/xxf2z y,nm / should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The Michelson-Morley experir2k/3i6 kjd1.)uxx1p fufjcb0* jk xement was designed to measure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Michelson and Morley concluded from the resavu ia 8/qxkxw8-c8h 1ults of their experiment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You can build an interferometer yourselfh 1w.p.7volu) a6xz dj if you use the following components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the relativity prinxuu f10z5 *piociple.

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6#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the three unprovable assumptions of Galilean-Newtoniaea(v j8j2y w/ii gc7y/amfz85 n relativity.

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7#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The theory of special relativiv1l)a v9qw0 lxty

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One of Einstein's postulates in formulating the special *ye) pbibag/kv m/t,-theory of relativity was that the laws of physics are the same in igp,vaeb/ )/m* tybk-reference frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the first postulate of special relatipzhz2al:, 5 nzc /-pvovity.

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10#

Free-Response ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

State the second postulate o uggm5sza8rp8gblmw;e( .1h; f special relativity.

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11#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If you were to measure your pulse rate while in a spac-v2qt t.+zoe6io+ ;+tcuvqu neship moving away from the Sun at a speed close to ce iv2t.q6-t q+oo+ t;vuunz+ the speed of light, you would find that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary observen;o l *svedl0tjm x*9+r, a moving clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The gamma factor is definpfb* gsr bku3 36e69wl(/jn h pp7q2ceed as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling at a y7yjt/*k*nve l9yo.wvery high speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin *wo/ t.e 9y kv7ln*yyjis

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Relative to a stationary observer, a modwcla xsjmfq(y 3, p4.qc4 sc*//cd.lving object

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velofr8t:bz aux a6j 03dck 1hj6)hcity that approaches the velocity of light. The width of this object, as measured by uf03kaa8jr 6thjbc z6h) d1x: a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An object moves in a direction paral2 mpdjh ,);rx1zt(u sdlel to its length with a velocity that approa2;(x 1ujtph)d,z dsrmches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approacyzb1 4x)lu4ei hes the speed of light, the mass of the particlee4lyzx ) u41ib

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the speed of a particle approaches the spe dy6p v*:ovjabdu* w5+ed of light, the momentum of the papwuyvb**: 5daov6+d jrticle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spear is thrown by you at ekf7)dhl /k7pejt ./v uh. w3da very high speed. As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the m3pfe.u77 hek)h /dwlk/tj vd.oving spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the kinetic energy ofm 5wj.a7 sn(fh a speedy proton when its relativistic mass.5f7 na(whjm s doubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What happens to the total relativistic energy of a speedy proton whenlcxdjau8m 3q+ xp7daa2q728 v its relativistic mass doubleuq3p8a227q jac8 +7 lxxdm davs?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider a particle +nsao r-f)ju m )a*:2psy/*tlyiqw5p 6ole) k of mass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Consider two spaceships, each traveling at 0.50c in a straight line. Ship q-s7k ,48 pwv eksj3ti0vu-pw A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Sun. What do they measure for thiv t8wp7qjs-4, k3wsue p0kvi -s velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Which of the following depends on the obserfl *(pucm4/6vt eg/g nver's frame of reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

As the velocity of your spaceship increasssz7:v. .m6w.jc.pk)g iy kdues, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in o2vz;y(ig9soawz . 3astill water. With what speed, relative to the shore, doe(.2;9 oso3yg viazw zas it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what oj: c, gcj5.9umd -wvpspeed, relative to the shorgdvpwomj 9c.,uj- 5: ce, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relativ w p5mi .+wf4wzbcxw*6e to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is headxpww f6*5bwzc.wim4+ ing straight across the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast should a moving clock travel if it is to be observed by a statwa0l c*l hjd/,ionary observer as running at one-half its normal rja,0 d*llch/ wate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and returns in 10 hou59:ao *gskcm rrs according to a clock on the spaceship. If 9 * gm:o5srakcthe speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney, are initially 10 years be5iy4cfq3 ,zy 1*a(,e ntjd) zv:cbq old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for fd q: 43za)ebv,bq (5ycj*1iy f,e tcnzive years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip with a skj**tthsia aoc3f 15l14uhq 6kx8s d2peed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the spaceship. Upon ht8 a*1 oqd 4hsl215*kat j ku3xic6sfreturning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. Wh5ifypi418 f inat is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contract iq;d/ipyz( 8c to half of its proper length (as observed by a stationay;ciid( p q/z8ry object)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The length of a spaceship is 10 m when ij,xn256 i pzpmt is at rest. If the spaceship travels by you with ai5,6mpxnp 2jz speed of 0.70c, what length does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Ce/ x-dn(k;qtpw d(6d )u v(fajm.ui re3ntauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel acc f(e qr wu.m )uddjp(6tin3a( /x;vk-dording to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 3m, km9x nzl7nlight years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. k73mz l,n9xn mHow much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light yearrvow3y 5ot qrk 7 8o4p88fn(vis away. A spf8oyw( 48 ov 3nq5rvik8p r7otaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is traveling at 0.85c. W:+xu* 3wv edxthat is its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the speed of a pr4a(;ue8xna sd;y az ue,.dj5soton if its mass is twice its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

If the velocity of your spaceship goes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then m4a82 i :p nwc)(jprbyi.ikq3 your mass will increase byp jbimi8a rwpk y3.()4:q2c ni

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the momentum in (.po,d8nc-nfuv fv6*ecin 6 - q/kofl$kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, an element.3ofsah 8;d mdrb5um) loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of materiufykio ( ce;68al was lost during a reactiof( ;i8yuok6e cn?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The amount of energy equjwok diezbh +21k v+.7ivalent to two kilogram of mass at rest is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasak qd( n0m;t;bhs*w+wh3 f.y6nk, oxcnki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, helping to end World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tonskt*xdy; wwnfm hnc.h(s+ 0b3;n6,okq of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of a proton is 1b no5s+*aq6gxml(q gn c)u-q 80% of its total energy. What is the speed of6bng(l+)cago*quxmqn s5 1 q- the proton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the mou/ g+pgm h7+3mmk,jcxmentum inmju+h,g/ kmxp+cg m37 $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What energy is release0q)hr 5jmy;y6ggi (rdd (in MeV) during a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How much mass is lost m*..x azt9 iwx65ak tkduring a reaction in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

What is the total energy of an electronz :6pqi.vh5+mqjzsx, moving with a speed of 0.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

How many joules of energy are required toowyrq 75gzw1y9+k0tr accelerate one kilogram of mass from rest to a velocity of 0wy kr 0+z195oqr7w ygt.866 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

In a nuclear plant, esnr7u -, +dzd4,vfa7wwe v:e4qds q,$1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

An electron is accelerated through 100 /pzo o d(0q3zkcw ,q)akV. By what factor has its mass increase qwz)ko(d q30c,oapz/d with respect to its rest mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

You are in a rocket n 7 sj(0li4wadtraveling away from the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed7nd 0swla j4i( of light from the Sun to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

Two spaceships are traveling through space at 0.60 c relative to l x:eom6uhmn9+/-eu/ jq blf- the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a persoh :nm / j+ fe6uq-ol9ul/-emxbn on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A fast spaceship is traveling with a m p3dw l,qa)f )1f7xefspeed of 0.80c. How fast would light travel from the headlights of the ship relative to a statem)flw p7)3ff x d1aq,ionary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a spen bst )5v-xk2aed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Eartaxs-k2v5 ntb) h?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

Single-Choice ( 1.0 marks) Whole-Paper View Save Problem

A spaceship moves awmqpawble(6 a2hf6 wh7 * (4ckgay from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the a m7b hwe fg6(hqwpc(ak2l6*4Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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Total:61 mks Pass:36.6 mks Duration:Unlimited

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