Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

In a pair of acceleratingip1 * ir7ihr5k plates, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are emi7 5pi *1ihkrritted (1.0 分)

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an idea h1j1k859pfr x* modedl system that (1.0 分)

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated with the lowest temperaturq l1(ybhi9z,uut: a-oe? (1.0 分)

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant (1.0 分)

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequency forx09;dgzfmfa4 m hi) b( a given photon gives (1.0 分)

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planck's constant ard3 b1+ftw )o8n.v3onw*8dagxr1 om w je (1.0 分)

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a val+orhh n)cw5.que of (1.0 分)

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle thr dl( 11i;oh2u6cquazat (1.0 分)

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an accurated3le3y q -aiof kh9a.ofj90p * statement? (1.0 分)

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon? (1.0 分)

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon w*zdjid+e): 2*cq 3xb kchlc,depends on (1.0 分)

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halved, by what factor does its energy chano 9o,;0w 9apr,-buwomzz9lot ge? (1.0 分)

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the lowest energy photons?y.s* cscf/zh 1fo9ss, (1.0 分)

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explp itr9)gp f24v.)faayainable assuming (1.0 分)

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a metal's surface in the ph9rf jpg4qm*y0otoelectric 90fqmp*y jg 4reffect, the photon's (1.0 分)

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of t+n p n 3c+3p1j7wxdvmvhe photoelectron depends on which of the following? (1.0 分)

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light xw.3wqwft+7emha v5 w )tr n6:and a beam of violet light each deliver the same power on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitting the amwnqt: )7+ wvt.wr6 f 53ewxhsurface per second the greatest? (1.0 分)

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminat( (gz2w9tzze ced with blue light and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensityct(ze2 (wg zz9 of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected (1.0 分)

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a substance theb0,qh z c01xzat scatters the beam in various directions. If cqz01he , xzb0we measure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find (1.0 分)

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incident upon a substance that scocmb0) p),r 9r0swle catters the beam in various directions0,csp9)welc rmob 0r). If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we will find (1.0 分)

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increase33 qt j:blo.wr in its (1.0 分)

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle increases, the frequency of the Xx3 hewmk a97cb9 z9z( x)agf7r-rays scattered at thx9az7bcrgk7 f9w) e( zx3 h9maat angle (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering expsr8w8(+ g vyrvc3yi:va- ly05v y rx(leriment, what scattering angle produces the greatest chang rrwva-5(lg0vyv 3c:(iyyv8+ r8sy lxe in wavelength? (1.0 分)

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the mina3v 1blnv3v n5imum wavelength of tl1vn5an 3v3bv he X-rays (1.0 分)

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible for it toq7-gvsxdsofjo4lq;fk2w:ptt;jk+- . 6rg r+ interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a; j:g-+w okfpsk4tl +7 fxs2 q6g.oj q-rr;dvt positron are produced; this interaction is referred to as (1.0 分)

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Bzpr:g l1-q7z 77-9o ltrgbvjuh9)fh h roglie wavelength (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a higherxu n )fyfh s3n+b2lv72 speed, there is a decrease in its (1.0 分)

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have the smallest wavelee yssn q8bdf0 f-6cb*+4wku8yngth if they are moving with the same f y-8+b*f84n cd bwysq6uke0sspeed? (1.0 分)

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a movipb3o80f/.bxt yjh bh- ng baseball is not noticed in everyday life is tpbobb/.xt-08h3fyh j hat (1.0 分)

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an electron microscope have over a light mickm+f(pm qg-pb 1h 61r/rtzw y*roscope? (1.0 分)

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electro,czd07ei xxmvz6 y4/fgm r 7-an microscope that plays the same role as the lenses do in an optical 7zr, v 0c74g-a eyxmzxf6/midmicroscope is (1.0 分)

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is cap92z,wrhntw2y 9 zmtu* q)+ jgtable of "photographing" individual atomsmtt*rh9zt uj g2,z) wnqw92y+? (1.0 分)

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an electroa 2o8nena:brw7vn...ybv ay .n arou2bn8 aa7v:a nwo.byre.n .v .ynd the nucleus (1.0 分)

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 4 tggm-4xzzas 174y c3w 8g,abaxg,r*hho one where n = 2 (1.0 分)

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35#

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The distance between adjme u42 x04fyssacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom (1.0 分)

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atomn8pmcf. wxe4 1 (1.0 分)

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most intense light emitted by a giahvfu61,z,mf 3y *v km7q7xwdavckq 50nt star of s0qz5kuvxfmwha,k ,m*76qvfc1vdy 3 7urface temperature 5000 K? (1.0 分)

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most intense radi ulj :k0e97ugbation from an object with temperatjkl70eu:bg9 u ure $100 ^{\circ}C$? (1.0 分)

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon wic)hke+1w7l jnso iu5l k -7km,d u5q;ith frequency 110 GHz? (1.0 分)

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carrbe+kn vi+ 2e2kied by a photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz? (1.0 分)

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic rmo1s;wxg w*+z:ls*fz adiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$? (1.0 分)

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic r 5z opughe,4r/ttjx67u6o-f i adiation has an energy of 58.1 meV? (1.0 分)

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red lighy nja e ;40iwsifgiv 4wq;o9ab*n5idh+*;;e vt having wavelength 640 nm? (1.0 分)

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, is carrie,u2+ot lgj g :xhptm0:d by a photon of wavelength 660 nm? (1.0 分)

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? warxxfg, 5u)2w+2bzx(Assume that the lamp' ,wbg) 2x+rf2uzx wx5as light is monochromatic and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.) (1.0 分)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Fsoh1c:a2m9n h;pe4ob ind the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons if the wavele1b:nho2hps 4em;9aco ngth of light is 250 nm. (1.0 分)

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm i(g x*/x )-mhch 5sxznbs incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the phot-mbhg5x( hnx)/z x *scoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the metal? (1.0 分)

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the stopping po1ec wwms58bw*n vg7.0 tsdfs*tential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold frequeww 5sb.fn1w vcs7stg8 em0* d*ncy? (1.0 分)

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, thb6v59- k/7 hek rg tjtu(p4 elawj5ip)e stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinh5 k5w(tjpeg6)i 9-ve4kubpj7arl/ t etic energy of the electron? (1.0 分)

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident zm8;mr v2myo+ on the surface of a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.;vm+2oyr 8 mzm0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light? (1.0 分)

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scatterinhi)6z6dw o 8sqg is 90e. What is the wavelength shift?h)6s zioqwd86 (1.0 分)

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelengthxu m*6x/8mds. xivlr ; 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. The wavelength shift is observed to6iudxvm* / .rxlxs ;8m be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle? (1.0 分)

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a wavelend9od)*,:a jrkncwt cf7p * l,fgth of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electrons at 130e. o d)7:,wrdplfa,t*fn 9*jckc What is the kinetic energy of each recoil electron? (1.0 分)

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associagw+ek,knq o2 7ted with a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a speed of 25oewn ,kq7k2g + m/s? (1.0 分)

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelength opi4(f1hcvv;i x 8u a)gf a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed of 30(a8h ;f4gux v)1vic pi m/s? (1.0 分)

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with an electron 1t// pxnlh( 3qcdxfw/grt eeft(e1 0) moving with a speq1wr 0) ptd ntc( fh/ 3e(1//fxxtgeleed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$? (1.0 分)

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

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An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 15iv2/ q17pjvv x0 V. What is itspj vx/vi 17v2q wavelength? (1.0 分)

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of hhm 6psdah1*3*;s zlk100 V. What is its waveakdsms 3h*;p61lh*zh length? (1.0 分)

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 1 )42f 6vqmhjpc /vyb*q00 V. What is its momentum in v *yfm/ q v6)bj4qh2pc$kg \cdot m/s$? (1.0 分)

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is its kine(c:pkolmag)t1 h7pz .tic oh7 zg(1cpk pt):a.mlenergy? (1.0 分)

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg has a wavelength oa)xbag81; hwc f $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running? (1.0 分)

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

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An electron has a wavele9advq +2n.xp:jzyf vviej7e + 8zp of+p9z7w;ngth of 0.123 nm. What is its energy in eV? (This energy is not in the relativistic r9q8:+ fp neze2y+wj a ozfivpp ;dv.vzj+79 7xegion.) (1.0 分)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to (1.0 分)

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n7m 6v8auqm5 ez = 5 state to the n = 2 state. Wzmq am6u78ev5hat is the wavelength of the emitted photon? (1.0 分)

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy of the hydrogen atom ij h)j j)jmkwuel; /()in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What is the;hk)ie jj l/()m)jwuj energy when it is in the n = 5 state? (1.0 分)

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the ground uxh0dam-d 2g 1state absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. To which state will the electron make a transitio-0hm d1g2uxad n? (1.0 分)

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energy of the neutral hydrogen atox+u3j r 4jqkw6m? (1.0 分)

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of singly ionuo;ff z x3sugw-s)5 m0ized helium? (1.0 分)

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

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In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = 2, th,nhpgpq; r(l0 , m/wyde hydrogen atom must (1.0 分)

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

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In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -13.58 eV. Whz4 5joxwxw.6osk j8b)) wrp2vat is its energy in rsjv6 x8ow j4xobk2)zp)w.w5state n = 2? (1.0 分)

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby le .wwv)xdqqp::)yy5 us:sg4l9 qjo h 5aser is 694.3 nm. What is the energy difference between the two energy states involved in laser actiou4ysq:q :5 5l9jw)d qg.: e)x shwpvyon? (1.0 分)

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

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An electron is moving about a) u5bvg 0/ )zrphjpy6c single proton in an orbit characterized by n = 4. How many of0gcu pvyj)z/6 bh)5p r the electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit? (1.0 分)

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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