Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

In a pair of accelerating plates, such as fk*k e7bgw:t0vound inside a CRT, the electrons are emitte: kgwb7e k*0vtd (1.0 分)

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an idealbk (4d,gmw,),bb zbnn system that (1.0 分)

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associated with the lowenfp8a+5 bgxmye **wr,st temperature? (1.0 分)

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant (1.0 分)

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy tk;c4w,mg cx2ao frequency for a given photon gives (1.0 分)

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planck's constan0wsau qw9xncq 6zv( 9-t are (1.0 分)

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant hasn)+q;uef +d l4 qjdo0e a value of (1.0 分)

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle th6xf2ps9uv7: rk2m: ret 2gofxat (1.0 分)

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an av29g z0hzi 7,)p4qs zeo ure4uccurate statement? (1.0 分)

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon? (1.0 分)

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photod)c 87y flek1on depends on (1.0 分)

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is ha7q.a) ; rtd/fow4 vniolved, by what factor does its energy change? (1.0 分)

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has the loweshoybe, )yat8 gm77w/2;(tw:jmg ntfst energy photons? (1.0 分)

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explainable assumingsnruy38 9x j6i (1.0 分)

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an electron from a metal's surface in o4o:l17oi kp54neb gm the photoelect4go4ep kl:on7 1imb5o ric effect, the photon's (1.0 分)

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelwlzv; a :q(bv*e9y,yv8 y ;xivectron depends on which of the following? (1.0 分)

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam /*hzka/mouyt98 5y paof violet light each deliver the same power on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitting the surface ozmph 5/ykt *u8/a ya9per second the greatest? (1.0 分)

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuminated with blue light and elecuu f- zv8d(xvqb3u *lk.katlvm3 3yl*v b(s-*trons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are evyus*k.a(xb*83 b(- lzlqk vum3 3 d-fvtlv u*jected (1.0 分)

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f isf*r; bh. t8iakgts5k* incident upon a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measurbs8 tt;. agk5f*hi *rke the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find (1.0 分)

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incident upon d0-hql 9h bqb0a substance that scatters the beam in various directions. If we measure the wavelength of the scattered X-bl0 qhh q9-d0brays, we will find (1.0 分)

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, there will be an increaij,gv*q/ b2fs se in its (1.0 分)

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scatteriv18qt 1k)2 gvfw 5ygjw7bra5nng angle increases, the frequency of the Xnbgv vqtar5 w8j15ky w7gf1)2-rays scattered at that angle (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scatteringz) q6cs bti ,s;t kt-0lokh//b angle produces the greatest change in wav)sqht-o ,/c;t zikb6lkbt s0/elength? (1.0 分)

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-ray tube is doubled, the minims 5;am,kg-ujp*b*p syum wavelengta,s-m bsy5*u;j*gp kph of the X-rays (1.0 分)

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter,x2ag++ q 7+/cdehb urf it is possible for it to interact with the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are produced; this interaction is referrexe +/+bc2a7dfh+qgur d to as (1.0 分)

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels faster, its de Broglie wav0fvg0ui lvzwhb,-9c (au s**jelength (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is acceleratedjr1vrofm i61b41-pnt to a higher speed, there is a decrease in its (1.0 分)

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the follow f,ll+s6 +m hkq-qe ggd-jk:j /m5p-taing would tend to have the smallest wavelength if they are moving with the 6 mdgf-p q:e+/ l5,s+ -hqmtkjkga-ljsame speed? (1.0 分)

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving baseball is no6cyy-)y(h )p,fo 0aba oxmw x)t noticed in everyday lif wy)) xx6 fo)pmyoya0 ac(hb-,e is that (1.0 分)

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage might an elervhv9ex b+6 w a mcg870/xi)npctron microscope have over a light microscope? (1.0 分)

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays the*kcqv- v0j s9s same role as the lenses do in an ovkq-c9sj*0s vptical microscope is (1.0 分)

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopes is capable of "photographing" indb2.) u ,yt akacnf+8hrividual atomsh ku)2rfyan.b,+a8tc ? (1.0 分)

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an electron am hyc-//6 naox qxk*2vround the nuclmy/6c* 2/aoqh- xnvxk eus (1.0 分)

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 4 to one where+cy7c7m+n1s lz3yfn d n = 2 (1.0 分)

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogafnoicbg1+ /m: ( + 1gvpywyibl6 + zq4hl6/tben atom (1.0 分)

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in a 2k5y y*u3bzgy9f,d+ 4e7s ct8nib .c/tp lsn ghydrogen atom (1.0 分)

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most +i6fbc).ea w yu pvdx5qc9i2(intense light emitted by a giant star of. x6uic vp+bw5a29) d(iy qecf surface temperature 5000 K? (1.0 分)

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most intense radiat1ufg i.vzna:wh3 pt)1ion from an object with temperatureaz: . v3)igu n1t1fhwp $100 ^{\circ}C$? (1.0 分)

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a phhrrr51 ojt 3j;whr2k+)4l kshoton with frequency 110 GHz? (1.0 分)

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by a nabx*eon8-a;b .vkn : photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz? (1.0 分)

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has e,* kzdr9 ngg+7:cjvm wnergy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$? (1.0 分)

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetic radiation has an e:pe 39 o8+luzdo bncs9nergy of 58.1 meV? (1.0 分)

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red4vyb)*m 4v zv iq 0: i:dy;py3glbi,uz light having wavelength 640 nm? (1.0 分)

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joule41kcwn8l vo3 is, is carried by a photon of wavelength 660 nm? (1.0 分)

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons e/uv-seck y)+hc3hhv; q- 7 saqmitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that the lamp's light is monochromatieq)hycs sh7uv3-; + vc hqk/-ac and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.) (1.0 分)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum kec kz:myo 9t51inetic energy of the photoelectrons if the wavelength of lig1zc5k y 9temo:ht is 250 nm. (1.0 分)

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal iw5n/-i4n upsin;q*(ffc 5 pb surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrob fn55- i4wfin;isup/p( *cnqns is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the metal? (1.0 分)

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the ziscf; xa5vph )hmqr3 d*,0r3 stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the thresidh) mcvhrf33rz q,*s;ap0 5 xhold frequency? (1.0 分)

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incidengg/1e ,z4 bkzi.i:adct on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum :,aggei./ b41zkdci zkinetic energy of the electron? (1.0 分)

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the surfacht1v nit6bm8m .d0q+ge of a metal with work function 2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V mb.8g16+t 0vd hmitqnstopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, what is the wavelength of light? (1.0 分)

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Comp6qui:rf ,prpmtsf1pj0.wk 4 b9l jg;clr) ,s/ ton's scattering is 90e. What is the wavelength s:w f4.frmlrsl j 9;rp,1cj ib,6ppsk/qt0g)u hift? (1.0 分)

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattezbow.f:60u m bred by a metal. The wavelength shift is obseub0 z .:mbwf6orved to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle? (1.0 分)

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm are scattered by free electrons at,ldq2 lf s8v0f 130e. What is the kinetic energy of each recofq dv20l, l8fsil electron? (1.0 分)

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated pzj3asiw;8 id 3yz6wx(-c 5aqwith a ball of mass 0.50 kg moving with a p ;iz6j 8wsiayd wqcza-x(533 speed of 25 m/s? (1.0 分)

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelesgdd/ ) ,e2r29hef zgfj9nb9gngth of a ball of mass 200 g moving with a speed of 30 m/se/f9edg99gj )2rngzb ,hs d f2? (1.0 分)

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with an ell, yh-jub, +hnectron moving with a speu lnjb h-yh,+,ed of $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$? (1.0 分)

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

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An electron is accelerated through a potentbp ii(nh(3qb,-,uwv p ial difference of 150 V. What is its wave-pv(ub3b,, pnwii q(hlength? (1.0 分)

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is ina)h 3) fw8w8hei(r/gv) djfc ts wavelav)h)nc /eh 8jfw(3w rgi d8f)ength? (1.0 分)

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. What is ithu9 us1x7yfsa7mo c1/uf:z7k f:ni y7s momentum in m9o7cf1yk1 f:y su7i 7hs7 /uznfax: u$kg \cdot m/s$? (1.0 分)

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential differkx eiy,a ;k3r-ence of 100 V. What is its kinetic energy?;3ayri,k e x-k (1.0 分)

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 kg hasc s6,g 8k v8f.j:ttw4na. rlts a wavelength of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running? (1.0 分)

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

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An electron has a wavelengtz8 s(5urikz 1)v/pudbh of 0.123 nm. What is its energy in eV? (This energy isd (/suz)vb 1p8zk5ui r not in the relativistic region.) (1.0 分)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to (1.0 分)

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n = 5 state to th6/ci v 5d.h77rei;e(m rlndu5gxfqr x+2n0vse n = 2 state. What is cf5 mnvu sx;2v6de7n. 5 i lr(err+xiq/dhg70the wavelength of the emitted photon? (1.0 分)

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV. What )p gvf puq0v4.l:x d03ey*jmdis the energy when i:elypujgpf*v x d4 ) v0.dmq30t is in the n = 5 state? (1.0 分)

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the ground sx xp.rbg41 zhr3f s/+ntate absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 eV. To which rgp3.bz 4srhxxnf/+ 1 state will the electron make a transition? (1.0 分)

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energy of thekwjx+og.:w 7 aazd,*s neutral hydrogen atom? (1.0 分)

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of singly icciv8 4 :jcr0tonized helium? (1.0 分)

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

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In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n0m y h5n j4h:n,inq xk3o6y3oc = 2, the hydrogen atom must (1.0 分)

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

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In state n = 1, the energy of the h v(gtwoc2xgh.c)5umk .i2 3ff ydrogen atom is -13.58 eV. What is its energy in state n t kg.w5x.ic h 3f(g 2o2v)fmcu= 2? (1.0 分)

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm* ltmhd 8-jx4f. What is the energy difference between the two energy states involved in lasx8f-htdl* 4jmer action? (1.0 分)

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

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An electron is moving about a single proton in an orbit cfim 9/w(q/6nraa(uy j haracterized by n = 4. How many of the electron's de Broglie wavelengtha (rqiyw a9/nj6f( mu/s fit into the circumference of this orbit? (1.0 分)

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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